Every group exists on a spectrum of control.
The Cult-Like Control Index (CLCI) is a transparent 0–40 scoring framework based on Steven Hassan's BITE model. We rate religions, high-demand movements, and wellness groups across four categories — Behavior, Information, Thought, and Emotional control — plus modifiers. No blanket labels. Just evidence.
All findings derived from publicly available BITE assessments, court records, journalism, and ex-member testimony. Not medical or legal advice.
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Start here →Topical entry hubs that collate the relevant tactic profiles, guides, tools, resources, and group references for each situation. Each hub is a curated reading path rather than a single page.
Search by what is happening, not by group name. Pattern finder included.
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Recent dataset updates
View all updates →Source hygiene: the vague 'Christian Research Institute analyses' citation was upgraded to the specific CRI article on the Sacred Name Movement, and reference sources for the movement's documented lineage (Sacred Name Movement; Herbert W. Armstrong) were added. Also corrected an automated cross-reference that had wrongly linked this profile to the Wikipedia article on Biblical Hebrew (the ancient language) and had imported linguistics citations from it — unrelated to this movement; those citations were removed and the link now points to the Hebrew Roots article.
- Seed of David / faith-healing isolates2026-09-05
Source hygiene: an unverifiable 'Christianity Today coverage' citation was replaced with on-topic reference sources (Outward holiness; Oneness Pentecostalism holiness standards), and the investigative-journalism flag derived from it was withdrawn pending a verifiable citation. Also corrected an automated cross-reference that had wrongly linked this composite entry to the biography of Aimee Semple McPherson and had imported citations about her — she is not the subject of this entry; those citations were removed. Founding-date precision: the Apostolic Faith Church (Portland) was founded in 1907; Crawford's break from Seymour was complete by 1911.
- Ultra-Orthodox Judaism (Haredi)2026-09-02
Body expanded from stub (thin-content programme, tranche 5 lane L); added external antisemitism-context paragraph per adversarial verification.
- Amish (Old Order)2026-09-02
Body expanded from stub (thin-content programme, tranche 5 lane L)
- Seventh-day Adventist Church2026-09-02
Body expanded from stub (thin-content programme, tranche 5 lane L)
Recently added
All 802 →- Wellness / Multi-LevelAccess Consciousness (Gary Douglas / Dain Heer)
Active US-headquartered commercial seminar and body-work network founded around 1990 by Gary Douglas and later co-developed with Dain Heer. Markets the 'Access Bars' (32 'bars' of the head touched by a trained facilitator), 'Access Body Processes', and a sequence of intensive seminars (Foundation, Levels) at substantial per-participant cost. Documented in ABC Australia 4 Corners sustained investigative coverage (notably the 2019 'The Cost of Consciousness' investigation), in ex-participant testimony archives, and in Australian regulator attention to consumer-protection concerns. Confidence published as Low — primary source base is journalism + ex-member testimony with limited academic coverage.
- ChristianPanacea Society (Bedford, Mabel Barltrop / 'Octavia')
Historical closed millennialist Christian community in Bedford, England, founded in 1919 by Mabel Barltrop (known within the community as 'Octavia'), an Anglican vicar's widow who received what she identified as direct revelations continuing the eighteenth-and-nineteenth-century Joanna Southcott prophetic tradition. The Society held that the world would end and that they would reign as the 144,000 of Revelation. The Society was the documented keeper of Joanna Southcott's sealed box across the twentieth century. The community is defunct; final dissolution of the organisational structure was effectively complete by 2012 with the death of the last full member. Profiled here as a historical reference entry from Jane Shaw's principal academic monograph.
- ChristianJesus Christians (Dave McKay)
Small active communal-living Christian movement founded in 1981 by Dave McKay (an Australian-born ex-Children of God / Family International member) and his wife Cherry. The movement operates as a sequence of small communal households across Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, India, and Kenya, organising around a literal-discipleship interpretation of Christian texts. The movement is internationally known for its members' documented practice of voluntary kidney donations to strangers as an expression of that literal-discipleship framework. Documented in sustained BBC and Sydney Morning Herald long-running coverage and in documentary work.
- ChristianHouse of Prayer Christian Church (HOPCC)
Active US-headquartered network of military-base-focused high-control evangelical Christian churches founded in 1993 by Lige Huber. HOPCC operates congregations primarily in proximity to US military installations, where service members and their families are the documented primary recruitment target. Documented in sustained Military Times and Stars and Stripes investigative coverage from the 2000s onward, in long-running ex-member testimony archives, and in academic LGAT-comparative work.
- New Religious MovementPost-Soviet Russian and Eastern European NRMs (umbrella)
Umbrella entry covering a documented pattern of high-control new religious movements that emerged in the post-Soviet space following the 1991 collapse of the USSR — concentrated in Russia, Ukraine, and adjacent former Soviet states, and documented in Russian and international academic work on post-Soviet religious revival, in sustained Russian and Ukrainian press, and in multiple national regulatory and criminal proceedings against named figures. Several specific named movements within this pattern are profiled separately in the catalogue. This umbrella covers the pattern at the genre level; it does NOT generalise to the broader diversity of post-Soviet religious revival.
- ChristianConcerned Christians (Monte Kim Miller, Y2K Denver apocalyptic group)
Y2K-era apocalyptic Christian splinter founded by Monte Kim Miller in Denver, Colorado, in the late 1980s. Miller predicted that Denver would be destroyed on 10 October 1998 and that an apocalyptic event would follow in Jerusalem before the Y2K turn-of-millennium. The group relocated to Jerusalem; in January 1999 Israeli police detained 14 members on grounds of suspected planned apocalyptic-violence activity and deported them. The group is treated by Denver Post coverage, by US press, by academic accounts (David Bromley, Catherine Wessinger), and by FBI public statements during the Y2K period as defunct as an organised entity by the early 2000s.
- Wellness / Multi-LevelAvatar Course / Star's Edge International (Harry Palmer)
Active intensive-seminar network founded in 1986 by Harry Palmer (a former Scientology mission holder) and operated through Star's Edge International from Altamonte Springs, Florida. The Avatar Course is delivered as a sequence of multi-day residential intensive seminars (the Avatar Course, the Masters Course, the Wizards Course, the Avatar Professional course) under a Scientology-derived 'tech' adapted into a non-Scientology commercial format. Documented in academic Large Group Awareness Training (LGAT) literature, in sustained mainstream press, and in long-running ex-participant testimony archives.
- ChristianCentennial Park group (Second Ward, Mormon fundamentalist)
Active Mormon-fundamentalist polygamous community of approximately 1,500 members located in Centennial Park, Arizona, formed in 1986 when the 'Second Ward' broke from the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS) over leadership and doctrinal disputes. The community continues to practice polygamy under the doctrinal authority of the Council of Priesthood Holders. Distinct from but related to FLDS, the Apostolic United Brethren (AUB), the Kingston Order, and the LeBaron-clan polygamist groups — each profiled separately in the catalogue. Documented in academic monographs (Janet Bennion 1998 and subsequent) and in sustained Arizona regional press.
Highest CLCI groups
View all 802 →Peoples Temple (Jim Jones / Jonestown)
Originally an integrationist Disciples of Christ congregation in Indianapolis, the Peoples Temple under Jim Jones evolved into a totalitarian movement that culminated in the 1978 mass murder-suicide at Jonestown, Guyana, killing 918 people.
ISIS / 'Islamic State' ideology (recruitment networks)
Salafist-jihadist ideology and recruitment network of the so-called 'Islamic State'. Documented patterns of extreme indoctrination, sexual slavery, mass execution, and total information control. Listed as a terrorist organisation by virtually all governments.
Aum Shinrikyo (Shoko Asahara)
Japanese new religious movement founded by Chizuo Matsumoto (Shoko Asahara) in 1984. Combined Buddhist, Hindu, and Christian apocalyptic elements with paramilitary training. Perpetrated the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack; Asahara and 12 others executed in 2018.
Mainstream / Low-Control reference points
Why we include theseOpen Minds Foundation 2024 continuation
UK-based mainstream cult-recovery education charity. Educates on coercive control across high-control groups and abusive relationships.
Cult-aware therapy network (mainstream)
Mainstream cult-aware therapist network — ICSA directory of licensed mental-health professionals with specific cult-recovery training.
Academic cult-recovery research community (mainstream)
Mainstream academic cult-recovery research community — ICSA, INFORM (LSE), CESNUR, plus various university-based research programmes.
Every score breaks down into Behavior, Information, Thought, and Emotional sub-scores plus signed modifiers — no hidden weights.
We cite court records, BITE assessments, peer-reviewed work, and ex-member testimony — never gossip.
We distinguish high-control sub-branches from broader traditions. Most members are not perpetrators — many are also harmed.
We accept correction requests and right-of-reply submissions from any organisation profiled on CLCI Hub. Editorial review is required before publication; we do not auto-publish. See /corrections and /right-of-reply for the formal processes, and scoring appeals for substantive score-change requests.
Curious where a group falls on the spectrum?
Take the 30-question self-assessment — it scores any group against the BITE framework in about 8 minutes. Or browse the comparison tool to see two groups side-by-side.