New Religious Movement
Spiritualism (mainstream)
10/40· LowConfidence: High
Mainstream Western mediumship religion (1848+) emerging from the Fox sisters' 'spirit rapping' phenomenon. National Spiritualist Association of Churches. Voluntary low-control.
CLCI radar
Low Control / Mainstream
BITE breakdown
Behavior Control2/10
Information Control2/10
Thought Control3/10
Emotional Control3/10
Modifiers (+0)
0 — mainstream Western mediumship religion; voluntary low-control.
Founded
1848
Members
Estimated tens of thousands worldwide
Active in
USA, Global
In context
Spiritualism as an organised religion dates to the 1848 Fox sisters of Hydesville, NY. Distinctive belief in continued spirit communication after death through mediums. Mainstream Spiritualist congregations (NSAC, Lily Dale community) operate as voluntary low-control religious organisations.
Timeline
- 1848Fox sisters' 'spirit rapping' phenomenon
- 1893NSAC founded
Sources
- Ann Braude, 'Radical Spirits' (1989)
We cite sources by name and outlet rather than fabricating links. Search the source title plus the group name to find the original.
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Disclaimer. This profile is an educational summary based on publicly available reports. Many members of this group do not experience the patterns described. Individual congregations and chapters vary widely. If you or someone you know needs support, contact a licensed therapist or the International Cultic Studies Association.