Spain

8 profiled groups with documented operations in Spain — 1 Extreme-band, 4 High-band, 3 Moderate or below. Presence here describes documented operations, not a judgement about Spain or its communities; many listed groups also operate elsewhere.

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Christian

Palmarian Catholic Church

A Spanish parallel church founded after claimed Marian apparitions at El Palmar de Troya (1968), with its own line of popes since 1978. Members live under exhaustive conduct rules — dress, media, association, even attendance at outside weddings and funerals — enforced by expulsion and family severance. Ex-member testimony and Irish and Spanish journalism document the regime; a former pope who defected described the system from inside.

New Religious Movement

Atman Foundation / Heide Fittkau-Garthe (historical)

A small German-Spanish group around Hamburg psychologist Heide Fittkau-Garthe, formerly a senior Brahma Kumaris figure, arrested with followers on Tenerife in January 1998 over what Spanish police described as a planned collective suicide — including children — timed to an expected end-of-world event and extraterrestrial 'pick-up'. Charges were eventually dropped for lack of prosecutable evidence; the case is widely cited in post-Solar-Temple literature as a pre-emptive intervention, though the alleged suicide plan was never proven in court and later local reporting disputed it.

Christian

Miles Jesu (Vatican-suppressed Catholic ecclesial institute)

Catholic ecclesial institute founded 1964 by Father Alfonso María Durán Ariza (1922-2009). Approximately 200 members at peak across multiple countries. Suppressed by the Vatican in 2007 following an apostolic visitation that documented cult-like coercive-control practices; founder Durán removed from leadership and ordered to a life of prayer and penance. Smaller but well-documented case in the Catholic ecclesial-movement-as-cult research literature.

Wellness / Multi-Level

IM Academy (formerly iMarketsLive / IML)

US-headquartered multi-level marketing company founded in 2013 by Christopher Terry, marketing trading-education products (foreign-exchange, cryptocurrency, sports-betting) through a recruitment-based affiliate structure. Subject of multiple national financial-regulator warnings (Belgian FSMA 2018, Australian ASIC 2019, Spanish CNMV 2018, and others), sustained Truth in Advertising (TINA.org) documentation, and sustained mainstream financial-press coverage.

Islam

Shadhili-Darqawi — Murabitun World Movement (Sheikh Abdalqadir as-Sufi / Ian Dallas)

Western convert lineage of the Shadhili-Darqawi Sufi sub-order, organised as the Murabitun World Movement under the late Sheikh Abdalqadir as-Sufi (born Ian Dallas, 1930–2021). Distinctive 'gold dinar' anti-fiat-currency political programme and concentrated property holdings in Granada (Spain), Cape Town and Norwich (UK). Mainstream Darqawi practice is low-moderate; the Murabitun sub-current specifically warrants the +1 modifier.

New Religious Movement

New Acropolis

New Acropolis is an international esoteric-philosophy organisation founded in Buenos Aires in 1957 by Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi, teaching a curriculum of comparative philosophy in the Theosophical lineage through local schools in dozens of countries. Its public face is that of a cultural association — philosophy courses, volunteering, arts events. Its contested face comes from the 1980s–1990s European cult debates: the organisation appeared on the 1995 French parliamentary report's list of movements, Belgian and other inquiries examined it, and ex-member and watchdog accounts describe hierarchical discipline, uniformed ceremonial, loyalty structures, and an internal culture considerably more demanding than the evening-class exterior suggests. The organisation firmly denies sectarian characterisations. The profile scores the documented middle ground at low confidence.

Christian

Quietism (Molinos / Madame Guyon, historical)

17th-century Catholic mystical movement teaching total passivity of the soul before God. Miguel de Molinos's 'Spiritual Guide' (1675) was condemned by Innocent XI in 1687; Madame Guyon and Fénelon were censured.

Hindu

Krishnamurti Foundations (mainstream)

Foundations preserving and disseminating the teachings of Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895–1986), who famously dissolved the Order of the Star (1929) and rejected all spiritual authority including his own.

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