Timeline: Modern High-Control Movement History
Anchor events in the modern study and prosecution of coercive control, from the foundational scholarship of the 1960s through the online radicalisation landscape of the 2020s. Items in italics are framework / scholarship milestones; the rest are events tied to specific groups in our dataset.
1900s
- 1905
Joel Teitelbaum (Joelish) becomes Rebbe of Satmar (Hungary)
- 1905
Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum (Ayn Rand) born in St. Petersburg, Russia
→ Ayn Rand / Objectivist 'Collective' inner circle (1960s NBI) profile
- 1906
Arthur Barltrop dies; Mabel left a widow with four children
→ Panacea Society (Bedford, Mabel Barltrop / 'Octavia') profile
- 1909
William Marrion Branham born in Burkesville, Kentucky
→ The Message of the Hour / William Branham / Voice of God Recordings profile
1910s
- 1910
George Hensley initiates serpent-handling
→ Snake-Handling Pentecostals (Church of God with Signs Following) profile
- 1913
Onishi begins living-Kanrodai teaching
- 1914
Felix Manalo founds Iglesia ni Cristo
- 1916
Victor Paul Wierwille born
- 1918
- 1919
Panacea Society founded in Bedford; Mabel Barltrop identifies herself as 'Octavia', the eighth in the Joanna Southcott prophetic lineage
→ Panacea Society (Bedford, Mabel Barltrop / 'Octavia') profile
1920s
- 1920
Sun Myung Moon born in northern Korea (now North Korea)
→ Unification Church / Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (FFWPU) / Moonies profile
- 1922
Father Alfonso María Durán Ariza born in Spain
→ Miles Jesu (Vatican-suppressed Catholic ecclesial institute) profile
- 1925
Ervil Morrell LeBaron born in Colonia Juárez, Mexico
- 1925
RSS founded by K.B. Hedgewar
- 1925
Honmichi formally organised
- 1925
Charles 'Chuck' Anderson born
- 1926
Rand emigrates to USA
→ Ayn Rand / Objectivist 'Collective' inner circle (1960s NBI) profile
- 1926
Founded by Eusebio Joaquín González in Guadalajara
- 1928
Watchman Nee establishes Little Flock in China
→ Local Church (Witness Lee / Living Stream Ministry) profile
- 1928
Irvine excommunicated by his own movement
- 1928
Opus Dei founded by Escrivá
- 1928
Irvine excommunicated from the movement by other Workers; movement continues without him
→ Two by Twos / The Truth / Cooneyites / Workers and Friends (William Irvine) profile
- 1928
First state suppression
- 1929
Original fundamentalist split from LDS Church
- 1929
Soviet show-trial of remaining Skoptsy leaders
- 1929
Carl H. Stevens Jr. born
→ The Bible Speaks / Carl Stevens / Greater Grace World Outreach profile
- 1929
Mormon-fundamentalist movement begins as a series of splinters from the mainstream Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints over the continuation of polygamy
→ Centennial Park group (Second Ward, Mormon fundamentalist) profile
1930s
- 1930
Wallace Fard Muhammad starts movement in Detroit
- 1931
Movement adopts the name 'Jehovah's Witnesses' under Joseph Rutherford
- 1931
Lee Man-hee born
- 1932
Founding of Saudi Arabia entrenches Wahhabi-Salafi establishment
- 1934
Victor Houteff's Davidian Seventh-day Adventist Association forms
- 1934
Elijah Muhammad takes leadership
- 1934
Armstrong founds Radio Church of God (becomes Worldwide Church of God)
- 1934
Octavia (Mabel Barltrop) dies; Society continues under successor leadership
→ Panacea Society (Bedford, Mabel Barltrop / 'Octavia') profile
- 1934
Roger Delano Hinkins born in Rains Valley Utah, raised LDS
→ MSIA / Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness (John-Roger Hinkins) profile
- 1934
Yuko Chino born in Nagoya
- 1935
Charles Elden Kingston organises the group
→ Kingston Order / Davis County Cooperative (Latter-Day Church of Christ) profile
- 1935
Short Creek (now Hildale/Colorado City) becomes the FLDS settlement
→ Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS) / Warren Jeffs profile
- 1937
Brahma Baba founds movement in Sind (now Pakistan)
- 1937
Movement founded by Lekhraj Kirpalani in Hyderabad, Sindh; initial form known as 'Om Mandali'
- 1938
Neturei Karta founded in Jerusalem
- 1938
Second state suppression
- 1939
Bill Logan born in New Zealand
1940s
- 1941
Legion of Christ founded by Maciel in Mexico City
- 1941
Marcial Maciel founds Legionaries of Christ in Mexico City
→ Regnum Christi (lay movement of Legionaries of Christ) profile
- 1941
Fethullah Gülen born in Erzurum, Turkey
→ Gülen Movement / Hizmet / Cemaat (Fethullah Gülen) profile
- 1941
Second Rebbe Ben Zion Halberstam murdered in the Holocaust
- 1942
Wierwille begins Vesper Chimes radio broadcasts
- 1942
The Way International founded in New Knoxville, Ohio
- 1943
The Fountainhead published
→ Ayn Rand / Objectivist 'Collective' inner circle (1960s NBI) profile
- 1944
Fourth Rebbe Aharon Rokeach escapes Nazi Europe
- 1945
Blood-transfusion prohibition formally adopted
- 1945
Reorganises after the war
- 1947
Bob Jones University founded in Greenville, SC
- 1947
Reaches USA via Switzerland
- 1947
Partition; relocation to Mount Abu, Rajasthan
- 1947
Last Shaker leadership Council formally dissolved
- 1947
Irvine dies in Jerusalem
→ Two by Twos / The Truth / Cooneyites / Workers and Friends (William Irvine) profile
- 1947
Partition of India; movement relocates from Sindh
- 1948
E.W. Kenyon's 'positive confession' theology absorbed by Kenneth Hagin
- 1948
Dera Sacha Sauda founded by Mastana Balochistani
- 1948
Davis County Cooperative incorporated
→ Kingston Order / Davis County Cooperative (Latter-Day Church of Christ) profile
- 1948
Beis Yisroel publishes the Takkanot
- 1948
Banned after Gandhi assassination
- 1948
Dera Sacha Sauda founded by Mastana Balochistani in Sirsa
1950s
- 1950
L. Ron Hubbard publishes 'Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health'
- 1950
Movement re-headquartered at Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India
- 1951
Rampal Singh Jatin born in Sonipat district, Haryana
- 1952
Disfellowshipping process formalised in *The Watchtower*
→ JW Kingdom Hall elders / judicial committee system profile
- 1953
Short Creek raid by Arizona governor Howard Pyle
→ FLDS (Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) profile
- 1953
Taqiuddin al-Nabhani founds Hizb ut-Tahrir in Jerusalem
- 1953
Wierwille resigns from Evangelical and Reformed Church to focus full-time on the Way
- 1954
Hubbard founds the Church of Scientology in Los Angeles
- 1954
Allred / LeBaron split forms basis of modern AUB
- 1954
Moon founds the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity
→ Unification Church (Moonies / Family Federation for World Peace) profile
- 1954
Anthony Paul Moo-Young born in Port Antonio, Jamaica
- 1955
Jones founds the Peoples Temple in Indianapolis
- 1955
Fred Phelps founds the church in Topeka
- 1955
The Way Inc. incorporated
- 1955
Ervil LeBaron splits from his brother Joel's Church of the Firstborn
- 1955
LeBaron family forms the Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times under Joel LeBaron in the Mormon-colonies region of Mexico
- 1956
First Vatican investigation; Maciel temporarily removed (later reinstated)
- 1957
Saul Newton and Jane Pearce establish Sullivan Institute
→ The Sullivanians (Sullivan Institute / Fourth Wall) profile
- 1957
'Divine Principle' published systematising the theology
→ Unification Church / Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (FFWPU) / Moonies profile
- 1957
Atlas Shrugged published
→ Ayn Rand / Objectivist 'Collective' inner circle (1960s NBI) profile
- 1958
Charles Dederich founds Synanon in Santa Monica
- 1958
Pius XII dies; sedevacantist position begins
→ Sedevacantist movement (independent traditional Catholicism) profile
- 1958
Pope Pius XII dies (sedevacantist starting point per most SSPV variants)
→ Society of Saint Pius V (SSPV) / sedevacantist Catholic-traditionalist breakaway profile
- 1958
Omar Bakri Muhammad born in Aleppo, Syria
- 1958
Summit Lighthouse founded by Mark Prophet
→ Church Universal and Triumphant (Elizabeth Clare Prophet) profile
- 1958
Nathaniel Branden Institute (NBI) founded; Rothbard excommunicated same year
→ Ayn Rand / Objectivist 'Collective' inner circle (1960s NBI) profile
- 1958
Founded by Olumba Olumba Obu in Calabar
→ The Brotherhood of the Cross and Star (Olumba Olumba Obu) profile
- 1959
James Taylor Jr launches stricter 'separation' doctrine
→ Plymouth Brethren Christian Church / Exclusive Brethren profile
- 1959
Regnum Christi lay movement founded by Maciel
→ Regnum Christi (lay movement of Legionaries of Christ) profile
- 1959
Carlos Urrutigoity born in Argentina
→ Society of Saint John (SSJ) / Catholic religious community (Pennsylvania, 1997–2004) profile
1960s
- 1960
Moon marries Hak Ja Han (the 'True Family' marriage)
→ Unification Church / Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (FFWPU) / Moonies profile
- 1961
Robert Jay Lifton publishes Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism, defining the eight criteria framework still used today.
- 1961
University Bible Fellowship founded in Gwangju, South Korea, by Samuel Lee (Chang-woo Lee) and Sarah Barry
- 1961
Village of New Square incorporated
- 1962
Witness Lee establishes US Local Church and Living Stream Ministry
→ Local Church (Witness Lee / Living Stream Ministry) profile
- 1962
Korean Evangelical Baptist Church / Guwonpa founded by Kwon and Yoo
→ Salvation Sect (Guwonpa) / Yoo Byung-eun (Sewol ferry context) profile
- 1962
Shin Ok-ju born in South Korea
- 1962
Robertson expelled from Socialist Workers Party
→ Spartacist League / International Communist League profile
- 1964
Malcolm X breaks with NoI; pivots to Sunni Islam
- 1964
Ahn Sahng-hong founds the movement in South Korea
- 1964
WMSCOG founded in Busan, South Korea
→ World Mission Society Church of God (WMSCOG) / Heavenly Mother Zhang Gil-jah profile
- 1964
Miles Jesu founded in Rome by Durán
→ Miles Jesu (Vatican-suppressed Catholic ecclesial institute) profile
- 1964
Samuel Joaquín Flores succeeds his father
- 1965
Hubbard articulates 'Keeping Scientology Working' (KSW) doctrinal-orthodoxy directive
- 1965
Move to Redwood Valley, California
- 1965
Solar Lodge founded by Brayton
→ Solar Lodge (Crowley-derived OTO offshoot, historical) profile
- 1965
Helen Schucman channels A Course in Miracles
- 1966
Prabhupada incorporates ISKCON in New York
- 1966
Process Church founded in London
- 1966
Yissachar Dov Rokeach becomes Fifth Rebbe
- 1966
Spartacist League founded
→ Spartacist League / International Communist League profile
- 1967
Sea Org founded as Hubbard's at-sea command
- 1968
Fair Game policy formally rescinded — debated whether substantively
- 1968
David Berg founds Teens for Christ in Huntington Beach, CA
- 1968
LaRouche founds National Caucus of Labor Committees
- 1968
If Then Else, Newman's first organisation
→ The Newman Tendency / Social Therapy (Fred Newman) profile
- 1968
Father Gommar DePauw founds first formal sedevacantist organisation
→ Sedevacantist movement (independent traditional Catholicism) profile
- 1968
PFAL class formalised and intensively expanded
- 1968
JDL founded by Kahane in Brooklyn
- 1968
Father Paul Blighton founds Holy Order of MANS in San Francisco
- 1968
Calvary Temple founded
- 1968
Logos Foundation founded
- 1969
Brahma Baba dies; female Dadis assume leadership
- 1969
Yogi Bhajan arrives in Los Angeles
- 1969
Baker opens The Source restaurant in Hollywood
→ The Source Family (Father Yod / James Edward Baker) profile
- 1969
Hopeful Christian (Neville Cooper) founds the community
- 1969
Boy in the Box incident; criminal convictions; Lodge collapses
→ Solar Lodge (Crowley-derived OTO offshoot, historical) profile
- 1969
John MacArthur founds Grace Community Church in Sun Valley, CA
→ John MacArthur / Grace Community Church (Sun Valley, California) profile
- 1969
Lekhraj Kirpalani dies; doctrinally framed within the organisation as becoming the medium for continuing scriptural output ('murlis')
- 1969
Founded by Tony and Susan Alamo
→ Tony Alamo Christian Ministries (defunct, founder convicted) profile
1970s
- 1970
Srivastava's first 'self-realisation' experience
- 1970
Burton founds the Fellowship in California
- 1970
The Source Family formally constitutes
→ The Source Family (Father Yod / James Edward Baker) profile
- 1970
Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre founds Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX)
→ Society of Saint Pius V (SSPV) / sedevacantist Catholic-traditionalist breakaway profile
- 1971
Steven Hassan joins the Unification Church (Moonies); his 1976 exit and 1988 BITE Model emerge from this experience.
- 1971
3HO formally established
- 1971
Ed Sanders Manson allegation
- 1971
Kahane emigrates to Israel; founds Kach
- 1971
MSIA founded in Los Angeles
→ MSIA / Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness (John-Roger Hinkins) profile
- 1972
Wisconsin v. Yoder secures right to limit schooling
- 1972
Hyles-Anderson College founded by Jack Hyles
- 1972
Spriggs starts the Vine Christian Community in Chattanooga
- 1972
Bob Weiner founds Maranatha at Murray State University
- 1972
Applewhite and Nettles meet in Houston
- 1972
Acquires Lake Eildon property
→ The Family / Santiniketan Park Association (Anne Hamilton-Byrne) profile
- 1972
Ervil orchestrates Joel LeBaron's assassination
- 1972
Stevens founds The Bible Speaks in Bath, Maine
→ The Bible Speaks / Carl Stevens / Greater Grace World Outreach profile
- 1972
Vine Christian Community Church founded in Chattanooga by Gene Spriggs
→ Twelve Tribes Communities / Messianic Communities / Yellow Deli (Gene Spriggs) profile
- 1972
Ervil LeBaron expelled from the Church of the Firstborn; founds the Church of the Lamb of God as a violent splinter
- 1972
Asaram begins ashram in Ahmedabad
- 1972
Murray Rothbard publishes 'The Sociology of the Ayn Rand Cult'
→ Ayn Rand / Objectivist 'Collective' inner circle (1960s NBI) profile
- 1972
National Labor Federation founded by Gerald Doeden ('Gino Perente'); closed-cell front-organisation network begins forming
→ National Labor Federation / NATLFED (Gino Perente) profile
- 1972
Franklin Jones begins teaching
- 1972
MOVE founded by John Africa
- 1973
TBN founded by Paul and Jan Crouch
- 1973
Mark dies; Elizabeth assumes leadership
→ Church Universal and Triumphant (Elizabeth Clare Prophet) profile
- 1973
National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC) formally established under Lyndon LaRouche's leadership
→ LaRouche PAC successor network (Schiller Institute / EIR) profile
- 1974
First 'Flirty Fishing' Letter published
- 1974
Pune ashram established
- 1974
Dederich declares Synanon a religion
- 1974
de Grimston split; Process disbands
- 1974
Blighton dies; widow Ruth ('Mother Ruth') leads through late 1970s
- 1975
Warith Deen Mohammed leads majority into Sunni Islam
- 1975
First public recruitment cycle
- 1975
Baker dies hang-gliding in Hawaii; group disperses
→ The Source Family (Father Yod / James Edward Baker) profile
- 1975
Wilson founds Community Evangelical Fellowship in Moscow Idaho
→ Doug Wilson / Christ Church Moscow Idaho / CrossPolitic profile
- 1975
Loren Cunningham (YWAM) and Bill Bright (Campus Crusade) develop original 7-Mountain concept
→ New Apostolic Reformation (NAR) / C Peter Wagner network / 7-Mountain Dominionism profile
- 1975
Banned during Emergency
- 1975
Russell Brand born in Grays, Essex
- 1975
RCP USA founded
- 1976
Casa de Dom Inácio founded in Abadiânia
- 1976
Exodus International founded
→ Restored Hope Network (US Christian conversion-therapy ministries) profile
- 1976
Bert Potter encounters Werner Erhard's EST in California
→ Centrepoint Community (Bert Potter, New Zealand, historical) profile
- 1976
Élan School founded
- 1977
FBI 'Operation Snow White' raid; 11 senior Scientologists indicted
- 1977
Relocation to Jonestown, Guyana, after New West magazine exposé
- 1977
Prabhupada dies; succession crisis among 11 'zonal acharyas'
- 1977
Knight begins channelling Ramtha
- 1977
Multi-state 'Lambs of God' assassinations
- 1977
Predicted end of church age does not occur; doctrinal re-interpretation follows
→ The Message of the Hour / William Branham / Voice of God Recordings profile
- 1977
Roch Thériault founds a small communal-living group in the Gaspé region of Quebec after breaking with the Seventh-day Adventist tradition
- 1977
Il Forteto cooperative founded near Vicchio, Mugello, Tuscany, by Rodolfo Fiesoli, Luigi Goffredi and a small founding group
- 1977
Kanye West born in Atlanta, Georgia
→ Kanye West / Donda Academy / YZY (Sunday Service / brand cult-of-personality) profile
- 1977
Pana-Wave Laboratory founded
- 1977
Centrepoint founded at Albany, Auckland
→ Centrepoint Community (Bert Potter, New Zealand, historical) profile
- 1977
IURD founded by Edir Macedo
→ Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus / IURD (Edir Macedo, Brazil) profile
- 1978
Jonestown massacre — 909 members of Peoples Temple die in Guyana under Jim Jones, the watershed event in modern cult research.
- 1978
Rattlesnake attack on Paul Morantz
- 1978
Vermont community established (Island Pond)
→ Twelve Tribes Communities / Messianic Communities / Yellow Deli (Gene Spriggs) profile
- 1978
Daniel Dixon ('Master Andrew') consolidates leadership
- 1978
Insight Seminars founded as personal-growth-training subsidiary
→ MSIA / Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness (John-Roger Hinkins) profile
- 1978
Powelton Village confrontation; officer killed; MOVE 9 imprisoned
- 1979
Margaret Singer testifies in the first wave of US deprogramming court cases, helping establish the academic study of coercive persuasion.
- 1979
Mary Sue Hubbard convicted in Operation Snow White
- 1979
Grand Mosque seizure by Juhayman al-Otaybi accelerates state religious enforcement
- 1979
Kip McKean leads Boston Church of Christ; movement crystallises
→ International Churches of Christ (ICOC / 'Boston Movement') profile
- 1979
Kiryas Joel village founded in upstate NY
- 1979
Fourth Wall theatre company founded
→ The Sullivanians (Sullivan Institute / Fourth Wall) profile
- 1979
New Alliance Party founded
→ The Newman Tendency / Social Therapy (Fred Newman) profile
- 1979
Jane Whaley founds the church in Spindale, NC
- 1979
Yahweh ben Yahweh founds Nation of Yahweh
- 1979
McKean takes over Charlestown / Boston congregation
→ Boston Church of Christ (1979–2003 Crossroads/ICOC era) profile
- 1979
Rigpa founded by Sogyal Rinpoche in London
- 1979
Hyung Jin 'Sean' Moon born to Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han
→ Hyung Jin 'Sean' Moon / Sanctuary Church / Rod of Iron Ministries profile
- 1979
Founded by Hulon Mitchell Jr.
- 1979
ICL Logan-investigation; Logan expelled from Spartacist tradition
- 1979
Bill Logan coercive-sexual-conduct investigation; Logan expelled
→ Spartacist League / International Communist League profile
1980s
- 1980
Ervil LeBaron extradited to the United States, convicted of conspiracy to commit first-degree murder, and sentenced to life imprisonment in Utah
- 1980
House of Yahweh founded by Yisrayl Hawkins
- 1980
Jeong Myeong-seok splits from Unification Church
→ Providence / Christian Gospel Mission (JMS, Jeong Myeong-seok) profile
- 1981
Rajneeshpuram established in Oregon by followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh / Osho; the 1984 Wasco County salmonella attack remains the largest bioterror incident on US soil.
- 1981
Louis Farrakhan revives the original Nation of Islam
- 1981
Aggressive Christianity Missions Training Corps founded in California
→ Aggressive Christianity Missions Training Corps (Jim & Lila Reidhead) profile
- 1981
Bradlee and Van Atta, 'Prophet of Blood', published
- 1981
Jesus Christians founded by Dave McKay and Cherry McKay in Sydney, Australia
- 1981
Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning chartered
→ Sathya Sai Baba ashram residential schools (Puttaparthi) profile
- 1981
Star Scott becomes pastor
- 1982
Moon convicted of US tax fraud (13 months prison)
→ Unification Church (Moonies / Family Federation for World Peace) profile
- 1982
Erected as personal prelature
- 1982
Manmin Central Church founded by Lee Jae-rock
- 1982
Madison Square Garden Blessing of 4,000 couples; Washington Times newspaper founded
→ Unification Church / Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (FFWPU) / Moonies profile
- 1982
- 1982
- 1983
Sean Feucht born
- 1983
Bishop Clarence Kelly and group of priests break from SSPX; SSPV founded in Oyster Bay Cove, NY
→ Society of Saint Pius V (SSPV) / sedevacantist Catholic-traditionalist breakaway profile
- 1983
Abdullah Hashem Aba Al-Sadiq born; raised in New Jersey, USA
→ AROPL / Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (Abdullah Hashem Aba Al-Sadiq) profile
- 1983
BKWSU receives UN ECOSOC general consultative status
- 1983
The Order founded by Mathews
→ The Order / Brüder Schweigen (Robert Mathews, 1983–84) profile
- 1984
Island Pond, Vermont raid removes 112 children (later returned)
- 1984
Lee Man-hee founds Shincheonji in South Korea
- 1984
Asahara founds Aum Shinsen no Kai
- 1984
Order founded by Di Mambro and Jouret
- 1984
First public sexual-abuse civil suit by Samuel Sanders
- 1984
Kach wins one Knesset seat
- 1984
Mary Teal Bosworth born in Santa Fe, New Mexico
- 1984
Schiller Institute founded as an international cadre and publishing arm
→ LaRouche PAC successor network (Schiller Institute / EIR) profile
- 1984
Village Voice 'I Was a Communist for the FBI' investigation brings NATLFED practices to wider US press attention
→ National Labor Federation / NATLFED (Gino Perente) profile
- 1984
Robert Mathews's The Order Alan Berg murder
- 1985
Wierwille dies; sexual-abuse allegations surface publicly
- 1985
Sheela arrested; commune collapses
- 1985
Nettles dies
- 1985
Ahn dies; Zhang Gil-jah identified as 'Mother God'
- 1985
Founded in Korea
- 1985
Elizabeth Dovydenas joins TBS and begins multi-million-dollar gifts
→ The Bible Speaks / Carl Stevens / Greater Grace World Outreach profile
- 1985
Kingdom of Jesus Christ founded in Davao, Philippines, by Apollo Quiboloy
→ Kingdom of Jesus Christ, The Name Above Every Name (Apollo Quiboloy) profile
- 1985
Earlier Italian court conviction of Rodolfo Fiesoli; placement programme nonetheless continues
- 1985
First major media exposés
- 1985
International Bolshevik Tendency formed by Logan-aligned dissidents
→ Spartacist League / International Communist League profile
- 1986
L. Ron Hubbard dies; David Miscavige assumes control of RTC
- 1986
Weigh Down Workshop founded
- 1986
The Master's Seminary founded
→ John MacArthur / Grace Community Church (Sun Valley, California) profile
- 1986
Dovydenas family exit-counsels her; she files federal civil suit
→ The Bible Speaks / Carl Stevens / Greater Grace World Outreach profile
- 1986
Armstrong dies; Joseph W Tkach Sr succeeds
- 1986
'Second Ward' breaks from the FLDS over leadership and doctrinal disputes; Centennial Park community forms in Arizona near the FLDS settlement
→ Centennial Park group (Second Ward, Mormon fundamentalist) profile
- 1986
Lawrence Babb, 'Redemptive Encounters', published
- 1986
Avatar Course founded by Harry Palmer; Star's Edge International established as the parent organisation in Altamonte Springs, Florida
→ Avatar Course / Star's Edge International (Harry Palmer) profile
- 1986
Andrew Tate born in Washington DC; raised in Luton, England
→ Andrew Tate / Hustlers University / The Real World profile
- 1986
Barbara Branden publishes 'The Passion of Ayn Rand'
→ Ayn Rand / Objectivist 'Collective' inner circle (1960s NBI) profile
- 1986
- 1987
Vernon Howell takes leadership; renames self David Koresh
- 1987
Flirty Fishing officially ended after AIDS concerns
- 1987
Police raid Lake Eildon, liberate children
→ The Family / Santiniketan Park Association (Anne Hamilton-Byrne) profile
- 1987
TB Joshua founds SCOAN in Lagos
→ TB Joshua — Synagogue, Church of All Nations (SCOAN) profile
- 1988
Steven Hassan publishes Combatting Cult Mind Control, introducing the BITE Model.
- 1988
LaRouche convicted of mail fraud; 15-year sentence
- 1988
RSE founded in Yelm, WA
- 1988
Harvest Bible Chapel founded
- 1988
Yeakley publishes The Discipling Dilemma personality-convergence study
→ Boston Church of Christ (1979–2003 Crossroads/ICOC era) profile
- 1988
Death of community member Solange Boilard after surgical interventions performed by Thériault without medical training or authorisation
- 1988
Al-Qaeda founded
- 1988
Kach banned from Israeli elections under anti-racism law
- 1988
Order dissolved into Vincent Rossi's Christ the Saviour Brotherhood (Russian Orthodox-claimed)
- 1988
Lyndon LaRouche convicted in the Eastern District of Virginia of mail fraud and conspiracy to defraud the Internal Revenue Service; multiple co-defendants from network entities also convicted in connected proceedings
→ LaRouche PAC successor network (Schiller Institute / EIR) profile
- 1989
Maranatha dissolves under evangelical pressure
- 1989
Murder of Sakamoto family (anti-cult lawyer)
- 1989
Two-witness rule restated in 'Crisis of Conscience' (Raymond Franz)
→ JW Kingdom Hall elders / judicial committee system profile
- 1989
MFM founded by Daniel Olukoya in Lagos
→ Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries (Daniel Olukoya) profile
- 1989
TBS sells Lenox compound; relocates to Baltimore; rebrands as Greater Grace World Outreach
→ The Bible Speaks / Carl Stevens / Greater Grace World Outreach profile
- 1989
'The Fog' leadership purge; mass exit and splinter organisations form
- 1989
Movement founded in Kanungu, South-Western Uganda by Joseph Kibwetere, Credonia Mwerinde, and Dominic Kataribabo
→ Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God (MRTCG, Uganda) profile
- 1989
Movement founded by Vijaykumar Naidu ('Kalki Bhagavan' / 'Sri Bhagavan') and Padmavathi ('Sri Amma'); initial form as the Jeevashram school programme
→ Oneness University / Ekam (Kalki Bhagavan / Sri Bhagavan) profile
- 1989
Dennis King, 'Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism', published by Doubleday
→ LaRouche PAC successor network (Schiller Institute / EIR) profile
- 1989
ICL formalised as international tendency
→ Spartacist League / International Communist League profile
- 1989
Acquires Rede Record TV network
→ Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus / IURD (Edir Macedo, Brazil) profile
1990s
- 1990
Los Angeles Times Sappell/Welkos 6-part 'Cult of Greed and Power' series
- 1990
Ram Rahim succeeds as third leader
- 1990
Osho dies in Pune
- 1990
Network reorganises as International Churches of Christ; Boston is HQ
→ Boston Church of Christ (1979–2003 Crossroads/ICOC era) profile
- 1990
Renamed Christ Church; Logos School founded same era
→ Doug Wilson / Christ Church Moscow Idaho / CrossPolitic profile
- 1990
Flurry's 'Malachi's Message' published
- 1990
Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh assumes leadership
- 1990
Royal Teton Ranch bunker incident
→ Church Universal and Triumphant (Elizabeth Clare Prophet) profile
- 1990
Potter convicted on drug-supply charges (8 years)
→ Centrepoint Community (Bert Potter, New Zealand, historical) profile
- 1990
Collapses after Carter's adultery revelations
- 1991
Time magazine cover story 'Scientology: The Cult of Greed' by Richard Behar
- 1991
First high-profile picket at Topeka's Gage Park
- 1991
Kelsang Gyatso founds NKT in England
- 1991
Newton dies; group dissolves
→ The Sullivanians (Sullivan Institute / Fourth Wall) profile
- 1991
IRS revokes tax exemption; group dissolves
- 1991
US operations begin
- 1991
Eastern Lightning emerges in China
→ Eastern Lightning / Church of Almighty God (China) profile
- 1991
Group relocates to fortified Berino, NM compound
→ Aggressive Christianity Missions Training Corps (Jim & Lila Reidhead) profile
- 1991
C Peter Wagner publishes 'Engaging the Enemy' on spiritual-warfare territorial mapping
→ New Apostolic Reformation (NAR) / C Peter Wagner network / 7-Mountain Dominionism profile
- 1991
Vatican recognises Miles Jesu as ecclesial movement under John Paul II
→ Miles Jesu (Vatican-suppressed Catholic ecclesial institute) profile
- 1991
Sergei Torop declares himself Christ; founds Church of the Last Testament
- 1991
Soviet collapse; IBT modifies 'unconditional defence' line accordingly
- 1991
Collapse of the USSR; rapid opening of the religious sphere after seven decades of state atheism
→ Post-Soviet Russian and Eastern European NRMs (umbrella) profile
- 1991
Tony convicted of wire fraud
→ Tony Alamo Christian Ministries (defunct, founder convicted) profile
- 1992
Banned after Babri Masjid demolition
- 1992
Tibetan Book of Living and Dying published; bestseller status
- 1992
Potter convicted on multiple child-sexual-offence charges (7.5 years)
→ Centrepoint Community (Bert Potter, New Zealand, historical) profile
- 1992
Mitchell convicted of federal racketeering; 18-year sentence
- 1992
Endeavor Academy founded at Wisconsin Dells
- 1993
Waco siege — 76 Branch Davidians, including 25 children, die after a 51-day FBI standoff at Mount Carmel, Texas.
- 1993
US IRS grants tax-exempt religious status after long legal battle
- 1993
Roch Thériault convicted of second-degree murder by the Ontario Superior Court for the death of Solange Boilard; sentenced to life imprisonment
- 1993
Anderson, 'The 4 O'Clock Murders', published
- 1993
House of Prayer Christian Church (HOPCC) founded by Lige Huber
- 1993
Puttaparthi shootings inside Sai Baba's quarters
→ Sathya Sai Baba ashram residential schools (Puttaparthi) profile
- 1994
Order of the Solar Temple murder-suicides in Switzerland and Quebec — 74 deaths over three waves (1994, 1995, 1997).
- 1994
Helbrans convicted in NY for kidnapping a teenage student
- 1994
Matsumoto sarin attack kills 8
- 1994
Patients begin public criticism
→ The Newman Tendency / Social Therapy (Fred Newman) profile
- 1994
Shekinah Church founded by Robert Shinn
- 1994
New Saint Andrews College founded
→ Doug Wilson / Christ Church Moscow Idaho / CrossPolitic profile
- 1994
Kach and Kahane Chai outlawed in Israel
- 1994
Followers begin building Petropavlovka 'Sun City' settlements
- 1995
Aum Shinrikyo Tokyo subway sarin attack kills 13 and injures over 5,800; Shoko Asahara executed 2018.
- 1995
Lisa McPherson dies in Florida after 17-day Introspection Rundown
- 1995
Cooper convicted of indecent assault
- 1995
Chen organises Chen Tao in Taiwan
- 1995
St Anthony's Monastery founded in Florence, Arizona
→ Elder Ephraim of Arizona — Athonite monastery network (USA) profile
- 1995
Mary Finnigan publishes first public allegations
- 1995
Margaret Singer, 'Cults in Our Midst' (first edition), published by Jossey-Bass
→ Avatar Course / Star's Edge International (Harry Palmer) profile
- 1995
Gerald Doeden dies; NATLFED-network front organisations continue under continuing leadership
→ National Labor Federation / NATLFED (Gino Perente) profile
- 1995
Rampal leaves Haryana irrigation service to preach
- 1995
Tokyo subway sarin attack; Joyu acts as media spokesperson
- 1995
IURD 'chute na santa' (Edir Macedo television controversy) brings sustained Brazilian press attention to the umbrella pattern
→ Latin American neo-Pentecostal prophetic / healing high-control movements (umbrella) profile
- 1995
Aum-Shinrikyo Tokyo subway sarin attack prompts Russian and Japanese law-enforcement attention to documented Russian Aum-Shinrikyo successor cells
→ Post-Soviet Russian and Eastern European NRMs (umbrella) profile
- 1996
Public Dorje Shugden protests against the Dalai Lama
- 1996
Mars Hill founded by Driscoll in Seattle
- 1996
'Southern Slavery as it Was' pamphlet co-authored with Steve Wilkins
→ Doug Wilson / Christ Church Moscow Idaho / CrossPolitic profile
- 1996
Al-Muhajiroun founded in London by Bakri after split from Hizb ut-Tahrir
- 1996
Yaakov Aryeh Alter becomes Rebbe
- 1996
Eric Rudolph Olympic Park bombing
- 1996
Vladimir Megre publishes the first 'Anastasia' book; Ringing Cedars of Russia movement begins formation
→ Post-Soviet Russian and Eastern European NRMs (umbrella) profile
- 1997
Heaven's Gate group suicide — 39 members die in Rancho Santa Fe, California, awaiting transport by a UFO trailing comet Hale–Bopp.
- 1997
Hartford Courant publishes first major investigation; eight ex-Legionaries named Maciel as abuser
- 1997
SCV granted Vatican recognition as Society of Apostolic Life
→ Sodalitium Christianae Vitae (SCV) / Sodalit Movement (Luis Fernando Figari) profile
- 1997
Society of Saint John founded in Diocese of Scranton with Bishop Timlin's canonical permission
→ Society of Saint John (SSJ) / Catholic religious community (Pennsylvania, 1997–2004) profile
- 1998
Keith Raniere and Nancy Salzman launch Executive Success Programs / NXIVM
- 1998
ISKCON publishes internal report on Gurukula child abuse
- 1998
Lenz dies (apparent suicide) alongside Brenda Kerber
- 1998
Oregon Attorney General action establishes documented child-death pattern
- 1998
Failed Garland prophecies; dispersal begins
- 1998
IMPD founded by Valdemiro Santiago after split from IURD
→ Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus (Apóstolo Valdemiro Santiago) profile
- 1998
Wagner publishes 'The New Apostolic Churches' systematising the framework
→ New Apostolic Reformation (NAR) / C Peter Wagner network / 7-Mountain Dominionism profile
- 1998
Janet Bennion, 'Women of Principle', published by Oxford University Press
→ Centennial Park group (Second Ward, Mormon fundamentalist) profile
- 1999
Universal Medicine founded by Benhayon in Goonellabah, NSW
- 1999
Remnant Fellowship Church founded
- 1999
Christian Council of Korea declares Manmin heretical; MBC PD Notebook airs critical episode
- 1999
Wagner and Cindy Jacobs co-found International Coalition of Apostolic Leaders (ICAL)
→ New Apostolic Reformation (NAR) / C Peter Wagner network / 7-Mountain Dominionism profile
- 1999
Gülen relocates to Pennsylvania, USA permanently
→ Gülen Movement / Hizmet / Cemaat (Fethullah Gülen) profile
- 1999
Movement founded in Karontha, Rohtak district, Haryana, as Satlok Ashram
- 1999
IHOPKC founded by Mike Bickle
2000s
- 2000
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God fire in Uganda — 778 confirmed dead, the largest cult death toll since Jonestown.
- 2000
Danforth Report concludes federal agents did not start the fire
- 2000
Martindale forced out amid lawsuits and splits
- 2000
Class-action 'Children of ISKCON' lawsuit filed
- 2000
Martindale removed after Allen v Way civil suit alleging sexual abuse and racketeering
- 2000
Ugandan Commission of Inquiry established; senior leaders dead or unaccounted for
→ Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God (MRTCG, Uganda) profile
- 2000
Catherine Wessinger, 'How the Millennium Comes Violently', published by Seven Bridges Press
→ Concerned Christians (Monte Kim Miller, Y2K Denver apocalyptic group) profile
- 2000
Great Synagogue of Belz opens in Jerusalem
- 2000
Peter McWilliams's *Life 102* memoir published
→ MSIA / Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness (John-Roger Hinkins) profile
- 2000
Tourish and Wohlforth, 'On the Edge', published by M.E. Sharpe; chapter-length academic treatment of NATLFED
→ National Labor Federation / NATLFED (Gino Perente) profile
- 2000
Epoch Times founded
→ Epoch Times / NTD / Shen Yun media empire (Falun Gong-aligned) profile
- 2000
Centrepoint formally dissolves
→ Centrepoint Community (Bert Potter, New Zealand, historical) profile
- 2000
Tourish + Wohlforth 'On the Edge' includes IBT in comparative cult-pattern analysis
- 2000
Tourish & Wohlforth publish On the Edge
→ Spartacist League / International Communist League profile
- 2000
Aleph renames from Aum Shinrikyo
- 2001
Death of founder Samuel Lee; organisational leadership transitions to a successor structure
- 2001
FBI lists JDL as right-wing terror group
- 2001
First wave of international press coverage of abuse allegations
→ Sathya Sai Baba ashram residential schools (Puttaparthi) profile
- 2002
Janja Lalich publishes Bounded Choice, theorising how members make 'real' choices that are nonetheless tightly bounded by the group's worldview and exit costs.
- 2002
Warren Jeffs becomes FLDS Prophet
→ FLDS (Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) profile
- 2002
Sealed church-discipline letter issued against Eileen Gray
→ John MacArthur / Grace Community Church (Sun Valley, California) profile
- 2002
Warren Jeffs assumes prophet presidency on his father Rulon's death
→ Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS) / Warren Jeffs profile
- 2002
ABC 'Australian Story' programme on the movement broadcasts
- 2002
JDL chair Irv Rubin arrested; 2004 jail suicide ends US activity
- 2002
Anonymous 'Sadhvi A' letter to PM Vajpayee alleges Ram Rahim rape
- 2002
John Walliss, 'The Brahma Kumaris as a Reflexive Tradition', published
- 2002
Recovery from heroin addiction; addiction-thought-leadership phase begins
- 2002
Tama-chan bearded-seal incident framed as spiritual-prophetic event
- 2002
Mohammed Yusuf founds Boko Haram in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
→ Boko Haram / Jama'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihad profile
- 2002
First sexual-abuse allegations against Urrutigoity surface; Bishop Timlin imposes restricted ministry
→ Society of Saint John (SSJ) / Catholic religious community (Pennsylvania, 1997–2004) profile
- 2002
RIM founded
- 2003
Footsteps founded in New York to support those leaving
- 2003
McKean forced out; reform process begins
→ International Churches of Christ (ICOC / 'Boston Movement') profile
- 2003
Jeremiah Duggan dies during Wiesbaden conference
- 2003
Smith Wisconsin murder conviction
- 2003
Henry Kriete 'Honest to God' letter circulates; McKean steps down
→ Boston Church of Christ (1979–2003 Crossroads/ICOC era) profile
- 2003
Burn 24-7 founded; Bethel Church Redding worship-leader era
- 2003
BBC documentary on the movement's kidney-donation practice broadcasts; sustained BBC News coverage continues
- 2003
Punjab and Haryana High Court orders CBI investigation
- 2003
Margaret Singer, 'Cults in Our Midst' revised second edition, published by Jossey-Bass
→ Avatar Course / Star's Edge International (Harry Palmer) profile
- 2003
Mackenzie founds Good News International Ministry in Malindi
→ Kenyan Christian doomsday cults (umbrella, Mackenzie tragedy) profile
- 2003
Bishop Joseph Martino succeeds Timlin and reopens investigation
→ Society of Saint John (SSJ) / Catholic religious community (Pennsylvania, 1997–2004) profile
- 2003
Grace Road Church founded in Seoul
- 2003
Founder dies; son Rowland succeeds
→ The Brotherhood of the Cross and Star (Olumba Olumba Obu) profile
- 2004
David Miscavige reportedly establishes 'the Hole' at Int Base
- 2004
Reorganises as 'The Family International'
- 2004
Predecessor AQI active in Iraq
→ ISIS / 'Islamic State' ideology (recruitment networks) profile
- 2004
'What the Bleep Do We Know!?' film boost
- 2004
Yogi Bhajan dies
- 2004
YFZ Ranch construction begins near Eldorado, Texas
→ Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS) / Warren Jeffs profile
- 2004
Lalich's Bounded Choice published with HOOM as primary case study
- 2004
OneTaste founded in San Francisco by Daedone
- 2004
BBC 'The Secret Swami' broadcast
→ Sathya Sai Baba ashram residential schools (Puttaparthi) profile
- 2004
Diocese of Scranton formally suppresses Society of Saint John; St. Gregory's closes
→ Society of Saint John (SSJ) / Catholic religious community (Pennsylvania, 1997–2004) profile
- 2005
Ricky Rodriguez murder-suicide draws international attention
- 2005
Soriano flees to Brazil facing serious charges
→ Members Church of God International (Eli Soriano / 'Ang Dating Daan') profile
- 2005
Steven Sitler conviction; Wilson writes sentencing-leniency letter; Jamin Wight conviction same year
→ Doug Wilson / Christ Church Moscow Idaho / CrossPolitic profile
- 2005
Vatican commissions apostolic visitation under Cardinal Rodé
→ Miles Jesu (Vatican-suppressed Catholic ecclesial institute) profile
- 2005
Bakri deported from UK to Lebanon; Choudary assumes effective leadership
- 2005
Halberstam brothers succession split
- 2006
McKean launches 'International Christian Churches' splinter
→ International Churches of Christ (ICOC / 'Boston Movement') profile
- 2006
Aaron / Zalman succession split
- 2006
Vatican removes Maciel from public ministry
- 2006
McKean plants International Christian Church (ICC) splinter
→ Boston Church of Christ (1979–2003 Crossroads/ICOC era) profile
- 2006
Vatican confirms Maciel sexual-abuse documentation; Maciel removed from public ministry
→ Regnum Christi (lay movement of Legionaries of Christ) profile
- 2006
Several members attend Iranian Holocaust denial conference
- 2006
Violent clash at the Karontha ashram between Rampal's followers and Arya Samaj supporters; one death; Rampal arrested
- 2006
Rohtak sectarian confrontation kills Arya Samaj activist
- 2006
Jim Humble publishes MMS book
→ Genesis II Church / MMS (Miracle Mineral Solution) profile
- 2006
Asahara's final death-sentence appeal fails
- 2007
By-laws restructure consolidates power; two elders fired
- 2007
Cathedral of the Faith opens in Itaim Paulista, São Paulo
→ Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus (Apóstolo Valdemiro Santiago) profile
- 2007
OPC and PCA General Assemblies censure 'Federal Vision' theology
→ Doug Wilson / Christ Church Moscow Idaho / CrossPolitic profile
- 2007
Visitation concludes; Durán removed from leadership; institute placed under Vatican delegate
→ Miles Jesu (Vatican-suppressed Catholic ecclesial institute) profile
- 2007
Jessica Gorter documentary released
- 2007
- 2007
US federal proceedings against Estevam Hernandes and Renascer em Cristo leadership
→ Latin American neo-Pentecostal prophetic / healing high-control movements (umbrella) profile
- 2008
Texas raid on FLDS Yearning for Zion ranch — 463 children temporarily removed; Warren Jeffs sentenced to life in 2011 for child sexual assault.
- 2008
Troy Buzbee additional civil suit
- 2008
Anderson dies; community fragments
- 2008
Jim Reidhead dies; Deborah Green / Peter Green consolidate leadership
→ Aggressive Christianity Missions Training Corps (Jim & Lila Reidhead) profile
- 2008
Carl Stevens dies; son-in-law Thomas Schaller takes leadership
→ The Bible Speaks / Carl Stevens / Greater Grace World Outreach profile
- 2008
- 2008
Barwala compound expanded to 12 acres
- 2008
Washington Post 'Lost Souls' investigation
- 2008
Adi Da dies in Fiji
- 2008
Hawkins charged with bigamy and child-bigamy
- 2009
Tampa Bay Times 'Truth Rundown' series; France Celebrity Centre conviction; Headley v. Church federal labour case
- 2009
NYT investigation publishes
- 2009
Julia Siverls dies during retreat; lawsuits follow
- 2009
Eraño Manalo dies; Eduardo Manalo succeeds
- 2009
Apostolic visitation begins under Benedict XVI
- 2009
Emmanuel TV launches
→ TB Joshua — Synagogue, Church of All Nations (SCOAN) profile
- 2009
Pope Benedict XVI convokes apostolic visitation of Legionaries
→ Regnum Christi (lay movement of Legionaries of Christ) profile
- 2009
Durán dies in penance
→ Miles Jesu (Vatican-suppressed Catholic ecclesial institute) profile
- 2009
- 2009
Jennifer Burns publishes academic biography 'Goddess of the Market'
→ Ayn Rand / Objectivist 'Collective' inner circle (1960s NBI) profile
- 2009
Brazilian Federal Police 'Operação Querubim' investigation
→ Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus / IURD (Edir Macedo, Brazil) profile
- 2009
Convicted of multiple sexual assaults; 10-year sentence
→ Providence / Christian Gospel Mission (JMS, Jeong Myeong-seok) profile
- 2009
Tony convicted on federal sex-trafficking charges; 175-year sentence
→ Tony Alamo Christian Ministries (defunct, founder convicted) profile
2010s
- 2010
TLC 'Sister Wives' raises AUB public profile (Browns later disaffiliate)
- 2010
$137M California court verdict against critics in Lewis v. Living Stream Ministry
→ Local Church (Witness Lee / Living Stream Ministry) profile
- 2010
Oprah Winfrey profile broadcasts
- 2010
Vatican confirms abuse; Cardinal De Paolis appointed delegate
- 2010
David Gray convicted of murdering 8-year-old son after church-influenced custody decisions
→ John MacArthur / Grace Community Church (Sun Valley, California) profile
- 2010
Hillsong NYC launched; Carl Lentz appointed lead pastor
- 2010
Vatican statement declares Maciel's behaviour 'truly heinous'; Cardinal De Paolis appointed delegate
→ Regnum Christi (lay movement of Legionaries of Christ) profile
- 2010
Al-Muhajiroun proscribed under UK Terrorism Act 2000
- 2010
Ray moves into daughter's Sarah Lawrence apartment
- 2010
Sex-tape exposure; first criminal cases filed in Karnataka
- 2010
Genesis II Church founded as religious wrapper
→ Genesis II Church / MMS (Miracle Mineral Solution) profile
- 2010
West Memphis Police shootings
- 2011
Bergholz beard-cutting attacks bring attention to internal authority
- 2011
Jeffs convicted; sentenced to life + 20 years
→ FLDS (Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) profile
- 2011
Supreme Court upholds picketing rights in Snyder v. Phelps
- 2011
Srivastava dies in Italy
- 2011
- 2011
Oregon removes religious-shield from serious medical-neglect law
- 2011
Racist recordings leaked, prompting public defections
- 2011
Jane Shaw, 'Octavia, Daughter of God', published by Yale University Press
→ Panacea Society (Bedford, Mabel Barltrop / 'Octavia') profile
- 2011
Mumtaz Qadri assassinates Punjab governor Salman Taseer
- 2011
Aron Rottenberg arson attack by Rebbe's aide
- 2011
Sathya Sai Baba dies
→ Sathya Sai Baba ashram residential schools (Puttaparthi) profile
- 2011
FBI designates as domestic terrorism threat
- 2011
Élan School closes
- 2012
Jack Schaap (Hyles' successor) convicted of sexual abuse of minor
- 2012
Megan and Grace Phelps-Roper leave
- 2012
Moon dies; Hak Ja Han assumes leadership
→ Unification Church (Moonies / Family Federation for World Peace) profile
- 2012
Sun Myung Moon dies
- 2012
Restored Hope Network organises
→ Restored Hope Network (US Christian conversion-therapy ministries) profile
- 2012
Effective dissolution of the organisational structure on the death of the last full member; Society property and assets transferred to the Panacea Charitable Trust
→ Panacea Society (Bedford, Mabel Barltrop / 'Octavia') profile
- 2012
First sexual-assault allegations surface
- 2012
- 2012
Pastor Mack Wolford dies of snake bite
→ Snake-Handling Pentecostals (Church of God with Signs Following) profile
- 2013
Leah Remini publicly leaves the Church of Scientology; her 2016 A&E series documents disconnection policy and church-side harassment.
- 2013
Lawrence Wright's 'Going Clear' published
- 2013
German raid removes ≈40 children from Twelve Tribes communities
- 2013
Janet Mefferd plagiarism interview
- 2013
Exodus International dissolves and Alan Chambers apologises
→ Restored Hope Network (US Christian conversion-therapy ministries) profile
- 2013
Lee Rigby murder; both attackers had al-Muhajiroun network association
- 2013
Berland flees Israel
- 2013
Asaram arrested for teenager rape
- 2013
iMarketsLive (IML) founded by Christopher Terry; recruitment-based affiliate structure begins
- 2014
UK Supreme Court recognises Scientology as a religion (after 14-year fight)
- 2014
Fred Phelps dies
- 2014
Caliphate declared in Mosul
→ ISIS / 'Islamic State' ideology (recruitment networks) profile
- 2014
Canadian raid in Quebec; community flees to Guatemala
- 2014
Jeff and Shaleia Ayan (later 'Divine') begin Twin Flames teachings on YouTube
- 2014
Michele Colón files high-profile US lawsuit
- 2014
UK Charity Commission ruling
→ Plymouth Brethren Christian Church / Exclusive Brethren profile
- 2014
Hyung Jin Moon breaks away to form Sanctuary Church
- 2014
Result Source scandal; 21-pastor formal complaint; Driscoll resigns October
- 2014
Zhaoyuan McDonald's killing
→ Eastern Lightning / Church of Almighty God (China) profile
- 2014
Justin Bieber publicly baptized by Lentz; Hillsong NYC becomes celebrity-magnet
- 2014
Hyung Jin 'Sean' Moon breaks away; founds Rod of Iron Sanctuary
→ Unification Church / Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (FFWPU) / Moonies profile
- 2014
Panacea Museum opens at the Bedford site; sustained UK press coverage
→ Panacea Society (Bedford, Mabel Barltrop / 'Octavia') profile
- 2014
NY Supreme Court rules on Bobov trademark dispute
- 2014
Monte Sahaja Portugal compound founded in Mértola
- 2014
Guardian retrospective contextualises Foundation among Fourth Way splinters
- 2014
Wagner Group founded by Prigozhin
→ Wagner Group / Africa Corps (Russian PMC, post-2023) profile
- 2014
First group of followers relocates to Fiji; church purchases Navua agricultural land
- 2014
Pastor Jamie Coots dies of snake bite
→ Snake-Handling Pentecostals (Church of God with Signs Following) profile
- 2014
OneCoin launched by Ruja Ignatova
- 2014
Naasón Joaquín García succeeds his father
- 2015
HBO 'Going Clear' documentary
- 2015
Australian Royal Commission documents 1,006 internal abuse allegations, none reported to police
- 2015
Internal leadership crisis and Senate hearings
- 2015
Roberts dies
- 2015
Australian Royal Commission Case Study 29 begins
→ JW Kingdom Hall elders / judicial committee system profile
- 2015
Lagos coroner finds SCOAN negligent; no criminal prosecution proceeds
→ TB Joshua — Synagogue, Church of All Nations (SCOAN) profile
- 2015
French intervention at Sus, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
→ Twelve Tribes Communities / Messianic Communities / Yellow Deli (Gene Spriggs) profile
- 2015
AROPL founded in Cairo, Egypt
→ AROPL / Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (Abdullah Hashem Aba Al-Sadiq) profile
- 2015
Shulem Deen memoir published
- 2015
Hyung Jin breaks from mainstream FFWPU; founds Sanctuary Church / World Peace and Unification Sanctuary in Newfoundland PA
→ Hyung Jin 'Sean' Moon / Sanctuary Church / Rod of Iron Ministries profile
- 2015
Atomwaffen Division founded
- 2015
South African CRL Rights Commission begins multi-volume inquiry into the 'commercialisation of religion and abuse of people's belief systems'
→ Sub-Saharan African prophetic / apostolic high-control churches (umbrella) profile
- 2016
Saudi religious police (Mutawa) stripped of arrest powers
- 2016
Trinfinity Academy launched
- 2016
Driscoll plants Trinity Church (Scottsdale)
- 2016
Federal SNAP food-stamp fraud indictments of 11 FLDS leaders including Lyle Jeffs
→ Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS) / Warren Jeffs profile
- 2016
- 2016
Choudary convicted of inviting support for Islamic State; 5.5 year sentence
- 2016
Extradited from South Africa
- 2016
Hay House publishes 'The Completion Process'
- 2016
Removed from Big Brother UK after offsite assault video surfaces
→ Andrew Tate / Hustlers University / The Real World profile
- 2016
ISIS replaces Shekau with Abu Musab al-Barnawi; two-faction split
→ Boko Haram / Jama'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihad profile
- 2017
NXIVM exposed by New York Times reporting on the DOS sub-group; Keith Raniere sentenced 2020 to 120 years for sex trafficking and racketeering.
- 2017
Leah Remini's 'Aftermath' docuseries wins Emmy
- 2017
Russia bans the organisation as 'extremist' (controversial)
- 2017
NYT exposé on DOS branding triggers federal investigation
- 2017
Mosul retaken; territorial caliphate collapses
→ ISIS / 'Islamic State' ideology (recruitment networks) profile
- 2017
Helbrans drowns in Mexico
- 2017
Convicted of rape; 20-year sentence; mass riots
- 2017
Brent Wilkins suicide; Be Scofield exposé
- 2017
AP investigation triggers federal grand jury and SBI probes
- 2017
Most recent high-profile parental convictions
- 2017
UK Charity Commission Manchester inquiry
→ JW Kingdom Hall elders / judicial committee system profile
- 2017
Brother Arnold Hadd dies; 2 active members remain at Sabbathday Lake
- 2017
Two adult ex-members escape; New Mexico State Police investigation begins
→ Aggressive Christianity Missions Training Corps (Jim & Lila Reidhead) profile
- 2017
Leadership relocates to Turkey under Egyptian state pressure
→ AROPL / Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (Abdullah Hashem Aba Al-Sadiq) profile
- 2017
Rampal convicted of murder and related charges in the first of two cases arising from the 2014 Barwala standoff; sentenced to life imprisonment by Hisar Sessions Court
- 2017
Tribunale di Firenze convicts Rodolfo Fiesoli and other Il Forteto community members of sexual offences and ill-treatment, including offences against minors placed at the community
- 2017
Replika launches
→ AI-companion / chatbot cult communities (umbrella) profile
- 2017
Recovery memoir published; Trew News YouTube channel launches
- 2017
Rebrands as Institute of OM Foundation
- 2017
Truth in Advertising (TINA.org) begins sustained public-record documentation of iMarketsLive income claims and recruitment practices
- 2017
Telegram begins crackdown on ISIS channels; fragmentation begins
→ Modern caliphate-restoration online recruitment networks profile
- 2017
Moves to Romania; launches webcam-studio business in Bucharest
→ Andrew Tate / Hustlers University / The Real World profile
- 2017
Earlier Migori starvation case sets pattern
→ Kenyan Christian doomsday cults (umbrella, Mackenzie tragedy) profile
- 2017
Pope Francis suspends Figari pending investigation
→ Sodalitium Christianae Vitae (SCV) / Sodalit Movement (Luis Fernando Figari) profile
- 2017
Devon Arthurs kills two roommates
- 2017
Patriot Front founded after Charlottesville
- 2017
CRL Rights Commission publishes multi-volume report documenting the documented pattern across named ministries
→ Sub-Saharan African prophetic / apostolic high-control churches (umbrella) profile
- 2017
Tony Alamo dies in prison
→ Tony Alamo Christian Ministries (defunct, founder convicted) profile
- 2018
Larry Nassar conviction concludes; USA Gymnastics / Michigan State coercive-control patterns become a touchstone for institutional-cult analysis.
- 2018
Multiple US state labour investigations
- 2018
Asahara and 12 others executed
- 2018
Globo investigation and arrest
- 2018
Movement spreads to Reddit, YouTube, Facebook
- 2018
NSW Supreme Court jury finds Benhayon ran 'socially harmful cult'
- 2018
German Bundesgerichtshof rules on shunning policy
→ JW Kingdom Hall elders / judicial committee system profile
- 2018
Lee convicted of raping eight female members; sentenced to 16 years
- 2018
Deborah Green sentenced 72 years; 4 co-defendants 14–36 years each
→ Aggressive Christianity Missions Training Corps (Jim & Lila Reidhead) profile
- 2018
Hillsong NYC peaks at ~8,000 weekly attendance across multiple venues
- 2018
Baltimore Sun Fenton multi-part GGWO investigation
→ The Bible Speaks / Carl Stevens / Greater Grace World Outreach profile
- 2018
European Court of Human Rights upholds Bavarian removal in Wetjen and Others v Germany
→ Twelve Tribes Communities / Messianic Communities / Yellow Deli (Gene Spriggs) profile
- 2018
TLP wins 2.2 million votes in general election
- 2018
Mordechai Hager (Monsey) dies; Monsey succession contest
- 2018
Asaram convicted; life imprisonment
- 2018
Be Scofield investigation series begins publishing
- 2018
Rampal convicted in the second of two cases arising from the 2014 Barwala standoff; sentenced to life imprisonment again
- 2018
Vice 'The Gateway: Teal Swan' three-episode documentary
- 2018
Bloomberg investigation triggers FBI inquiry
- 2018
Belgian Financial Services and Markets Authority (FSMA) issues public warning on iMarketsLive
- 2018
The Base founded by Rinaldo Nazzaro
- 2018
Asahara executed
- 2018
Asahara and 6 other Aum members executed
- 2018
Released from prison
→ Providence / Christian Gospel Mission (JMS, Jeong Myeong-seok) profile
- 2019
QAnon recognised by the FBI as a domestic terrorism threat; the conspiracy demonstrates how high-control thought-reform mechanics scale online without a physical compound.
- 2019
Raniere convicted on all federal counts
- 2019
Houston Chronicle exposes 700+ SBC and IFB abuse cases
- 2019
Last territorial holding (Baghouz) falls
→ ISIS / 'Islamic State' ideology (recruitment networks) profile
- 2019
Convicted of Chhatrapati murder; life sentence
- 2019
LaRouche dies; offshoots continue
- 2019
Multiple congregation members charged with assault on minors
- 2019
Hamilton-Byrne dies aged 98
→ The Family / Santiniketan Park Association (Anne Hamilton-Byrne) profile
- 2019
Mexico cartel massacre of 9 LeBaron family members
- 2019
Jersey City kosher-grocery attack
- 2019
Garrido report names 33 abuser priests, 175 victims
- 2019
MacDonald fired after governance investigation
- 2019
Elder Ephraim dies
→ Elder Ephraim of Arizona — Athonite monastery network (USA) profile
- 2019
Seoul High Court upholds conviction
- 2019
Shaul Alter breakaway succession split
- 2019
Son Narayan Sai convicted of rape
- 2019
Reformed governance (external complaints process, restructured board)
- 2019
DoubleBlind investigation published
→ Octavio Rettig — Bufo alvarius (5-MeO-DMT) facilitator network profile
- 2019
Sunday Service performances begin; Jesus Is King album
→ Kanye West / Donda Academy / YZY (Sunday Service / brand cult-of-personality) profile
- 2019
Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) issues public warning on iMarketsLive / IM Mastery Academy
- 2019
ABC Australia 4 Corners 'The Cost of Consciousness' investigation broadcasts; sustained ABC follow-on coverage
- 2019
Mackenzie relocates members to Shakahola Forest
→ Kenyan Christian doomsday cults (umbrella, Mackenzie tragedy) profile
- 2019
Konstantin Ignatov pleads guilty
- 2019
2020s
- 2020
COVID-19 lockdowns accelerate online radicalisation pipelines — wellness-to-conspiracy crossovers, multi-level marketing recruitment, and parasocial guru economies expand sharply.
- 2020
Raniere sentenced to 120 years; HBO 'The Vow' released
- 2020
Daegu COVID-19 super-spreader cluster (>5,000 cases)
- 2020
Vanity Fair investigation surfaces complaints
- 2020
Major mainstream awareness during COVID-19 lockdown
- 2020
Premka memoir and Olive Branch report document abuse
- 2020
Jacob Kingston sentenced to 18 years for $511M biofuel fraud
→ Kingston Order / Davis County Cooperative (Latter-Day Church of Christ) profile
- 2020
Dutch parliamentary inquiry concludes
→ JW Kingdom Hall elders / judicial committee system profile
- 2020
Vice 'God the Mother' documentary
→ World Mission Society Church of God (WMSCOG) / Heavenly Mother Zhang Gil-jah profile
- 2020
Senior members lodge UK refugee claims citing religious persecution
→ AROPL / Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (Abdullah Hashem Aba Al-Sadiq) profile
- 2020
Pandemic accelerates online-only community formation
- 2020
'United States of Kailasa' website launched
- 2020
Scicluna independent investigation expands documented victim list
→ Sodalitium Christianae Vitae (SCV) / Sodalit Movement (Luis Fernando Figari) profile
- 2020
Grenons arrested for COVID claims
→ Genesis II Church / MMS (Miracle Mineral Solution) profile
- 2020
Multiple US members arrested in Maryland and Georgia
- 2020
Pandemic accelerates online community formation
→ Online radical-religious influencer cults 2026 evolution profile
- 2020
US SDGT designation
- 2020
Paris Hilton documentary
- 2020
Bushiri arrested in South Africa on fraud charges
→ Enlightened Christian Gathering (Shepherd Bushiri) profile
- 2021
Ravi Zacharias International Ministries collapses after posthumous abuse investigations; landmark case for evangelical celebrity-pastor accountability.
- 2021
Russian Supreme Court bans Scientology and orders Moscow org liquidated
- 2021
Helbrans' sons convicted in USA for kidnapping
- 2021
7M Films talent agency launched
- 2021
Soriano dies; Daniel Razon succeeds
→ Members Church of God International (Eli Soriano / 'Ang Dating Daan') profile
- 2021
UK conviction of Andrew Dymock (Sonnenkrieg Division)
- 2021
CT 'Rise and Fall' podcast publishes
- 2021
Conviction on obstruction (suspended sentence); acquittal on embezzlement on appeal
- 2021
- 2021
Donda album; legal name change to Ye
→ Kanye West / Donda Academy / YZY (Sunday Service / brand cult-of-personality) profile
- 2021
Hustlers University 1.0 launched at $49.99/month
→ Andrew Tate / Hustlers University / The Real World profile
- 2021
UK proscribes Sonnenkrieg Division
- 2021
UK proscribes as terrorist
- 2021
- 2022
The Vow Part 2 (HBO) and multiple long-form podcasts (A Little Bit Culty, Trust Me) make survivor voice mainstream; cult literacy in popular culture rises sharply.
- 2022
NYT investigation into NY Hasidic yeshiva secular-education failures
- 2022
Renewed media scrutiny of ICC abuses
→ International Churches of Christ (ICOC / 'Boston Movement') profile
- 2022
NYT investigation documents yeshiva failures
- 2022
Shinzo Abe assassinated by son of ruined Japanese Unification Church member
→ Unification Church (Moonies / Family Federation for World Peace) profile
- 2022
First public family complaints; LA Times coverage
- 2022
First major NZ Employment Court ruling treating members as employees
- 2022
Abe assassination triggers Japanese scrutiny
- 2022
Norway revokes JW state funding for discriminating against minors
→ JW Kingdom Hall elders / judicial committee system profile
- 2022
São Paulo prosecutors indict Valdemiro on tax-evasion / misappropriation
→ Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus (Apóstolo Valdemiro Santiago) profile
- 2022
Wilson publishes Mere Christendom articulating Christian Nationalism
→ Doug Wilson / Christ Church Moscow Idaho / CrossPolitic profile
- 2022
Runs in California gubernatorial primary; founds Hold the Line PAC
- 2022
California pays Grace $800k to settle COVID-restrictions case
→ John MacArthur / Grace Community Church (Sun Valley, California) profile
- 2022
Netflix 'Keep Sweet: Pray and Obey' documentary series
→ Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS) / Warren Jeffs profile
- 2022
Kim Joo-cheol Seoul filing alleging financial extraction
→ World Mission Society Church of God (WMSCOG) / Heavenly Mother Zhang Gil-jah profile
- 2022
Switzerland: second wave of asylum claims
→ AROPL / Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (Abdullah Hashem Aba Al-Sadiq) profile
- 2022
NYT exposé of Hasidic yeshiva secular-education failures
- 2022
Belz announces (and partially walks back) limited secular-curriculum pilot
- 2022
NYT exposé names Monsey Vizhnitz yeshivot
- 2022
Otzma Yehudit (ideological successor) enters Israeli government
- 2022
First Zizian-linked deaths surface
- 2022
Character.AI launches; user count reaches millions within months
→ AI-companion / chatbot cult communities (umbrella) profile
- 2022
Netflix documentary released
- 2022
Grenons convicted; multi-year sentences
→ Genesis II Church / MMS (Miracle Mineral Solution) profile
- 2022
Ignatova added to FBI Ten Most Wanted
- 2022
Q drops largely cease
- 2022
Naasón convicted of child sexual abuse; sentenced 16y 8m
- 2023
Shincheonji Church of Jesus criminal trials in South Korea conclude; Lee Man-hee reconvicted for COVID-era public-health violations after 2020 first conviction.
- 2023
Watchtower programme reduced from two to one weekly; midweek meeting shortened — first major service-rhythm liberalisation in decades
- 2023
Netflix and Amazon documentaries air
- 2023
HBO documentary releases
- 2023
Cynthia Liles letter triggers global abuse-survivor movement
- 2023
Christianity Today 'Rise of Christ Church Moscow' investigation; Greenfield civil litigation begins
→ Doug Wilson / Christ Church Moscow Idaho / CrossPolitic profile
- 2023
ProPublica 'A Worship Leader's Empire' investigation published
- 2023
Christianity Today 'David Gray Case' investigation published
→ John MacArthur / Grace Community Church (Sun Valley, California) profile
- 2023
UK Home Office withdraws refugee status from senior leadership; NSPCC referral over child-welfare concerns
→ AROPL / Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (Abdullah Hashem Aba Al-Sadiq) profile
- 2023
Additional fraud and exploitation convictions
- 2023
Wired begins systematic coverage of online-native cults
- 2023
UK Metropolitan Police criminal investigation opened
- 2023
Khalifa US conviction; AI-augmented propaganda first documented
→ Modern caliphate-restoration online recruitment networks profile
- 2023
Rebrand to 'The Real World' platform launched
→ Andrew Tate / Hustlers University / The Real World profile
- 2023
Paraguay embassy fraud; UN ECOSOC credential challenges
- 2023
Multiple women publicly allege decades of Bickle sexual abuse
- 2023
Substack monetisation displaces YouTube/Patreon as primary tier
→ Online radical-religious influencer cults 2026 evolution profile
- 2023
Netflix series airs
→ Providence / Christian Gospel Mission (JMS, Jeong Myeong-seok) profile
- 2024
Ruby Franke (8 Passengers) sentenced 4–60 years in Utah for child abuse linked to ConneXions life-coaching network; landmark case for parasocial-guru harm.
- 2024
Governing Body issues updated guidance on 'shunning' / disfellowshipping language at the annual meeting; substantive practice unchanged but communication softened
- 2024
BBC investigation documents abuses in TB Joshua's SCOAN
- 2024
Banned by UK as terrorist organisation
- 2024
Netflix documentary releases
- 2024
AP investigation surfaces ongoing Mexico-side abuse cases
- 2024
Governing Body confirms two-witness rule unchanged
→ JW Kingdom Hall elders / judicial committee system profile
- 2024
Sabbathday Lake continues with 2–3 members
- 2024
Lee Jae-rock dies in detention
- 2024
Matthew D Taylor's 'The Violent Take It by Force' systematically documents NAR 6 January role
→ New Apostolic Reformation (NAR) / C Peter Wagner network / 7-Mountain Dominionism profile
- 2024
Philippine Senate conducts public inquiry into KOJC and related allegations
→ Kingdom of Jesus Christ, The Name Above Every Name (Apollo Quiboloy) profile
- 2024
Omar Bakri Muhammad dies in Lebanon
- 2024
Israeli Supreme Court rejects appeal
- 2024
MIT Technology Review publishes definitive survey
- 2024
Criminal trial ongoing in Novosibirsk Regional Court
- 2024
Korean-court dynastic-dispute litigation against Hak Ja Han / FFWPU ongoing
→ Hyung Jin 'Sean' Moon / Sanctuary Church / Rod of Iron Ministries profile
- 2024
YouTube channel reaches 1+ million subscribers
- 2024
EU Internet Forum identifies AI-generated jihadist content as priority threat
→ Modern caliphate-restoration online recruitment networks profile
- 2024
FT investigation places Nithyananda in Honduras
- 2024
Continued operation via 20 satellite ashrams + diaspora YouTube
- 2024
CFO Guan indicted for $67M money laundering
→ Epoch Times / NTD / Shen Yun media empire (Falun Gong-aligned) profile
- 2024
Exhumation reaches 429 bodies; 191 children
→ Kenyan Christian doomsday cults (umbrella, Mackenzie tragedy) profile
- 2024
NZ Royal Commission of Inquiry final report includes Centrepoint case study
→ Centrepoint Community (Bert Potter, New Zealand, historical) profile
- 2024
Third-party investigation confirms credible allegations
- 2024
Bill Logan dies; IBT continues under successor leadership
- 2024
ICL continues at ~200 members globally
→ Spartacist League / International Communist League profile
- 2024
A-list anon migration to Telegram + Substack continues
- 2024
PSIA continues monitoring; ~200 members
- 2024
BBC publishes 'Disciples: The Cult of TB Joshua' investigation; multiple international press follow-on coverage
→ Sub-Saharan African prophetic / apostolic high-control churches (umbrella) profile
- 2024
Re-convicted; 23-year sentence
→ Providence / Christian Gospel Mission (JMS, Jeong Myeong-seok) profile
- 2025
Rapid growth of AI-mediated parasocial spirituality — 'AI gurus,' chatbot prophets, and algorithmic manifestation communities prompt early academic warnings.
- 2025
ICSA conference includes online-native track for first time
- 2025
APA, Common Sense Media issue formal advisories
→ AI-companion / chatbot cult communities (umbrella) profile
- 2025
ICSA conference includes online-influencer track
→ Online radical-religious influencer cults 2026 evolution profile
- 2026
ICSA and Freedom of Mind expand assessment tools to cover online-only / decentralised high-control communities; CLCI Hub launches as a public spectrum reference.