Modern caliphate-restoration online recruitment networks

Evidence by BITE axis

Timeline

1. 2017
   Telegram begins crackdown on ISIS channels; fragmentation begins
2. 2019-03
   Baghouz falls; ISIS shifts to fully online recruitment
3. 2021-08
   ISIS-K Kabul airport bombing kills 183
4. 2023
   Khalifa US conviction; AI-augmented propaganda first documented
5. 2024-01
   Kerman attack (84 dead)
6. 2024-03
   Crocus City Hall attack (140+ dead)
7. 2024
   EU Internet Forum identifies AI-generated jihadist content as priority threat

Evidence matrix

Structured sources cross-linked to the claims they document. Tiered per the source hierarchy. For free-text citations see the Sources section below.

Sources

• UN Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) 2024 trends report search ↗
• EU Internet Forum 2024 threat assessment search ↗
• Global Network on Extremism and Technology (Hedayah/GNET) papers 2022–2025 search ↗
• RAND 'The Online Radicalisation Funnel' (2024) search ↗
• DOJ Khalifa conviction (US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, 2023) search ↗
• National Counterterrorism Center — https://www.dni.gov/nctc/groups/isil.html open ↗
• ISIL: UK government response — https://www.gov.uk/government/news/isil-uk-government-response open ↗
• Letter dated 9 July 2005 — http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/letter_in_english.pdf open ↗
• Statement by President Joe Biden — https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/03/statement-by-president-joe-biden-3/ open ↗
• Treasury Targets ISIS Leader Involved in Chemical Weapons Development — https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/sm103.aspx open ↗
• Zarqawi Letter — https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/nea/rls/31694.htm open ↗
• Terrorist Organizations — https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/references/terrorist-organizations/ open ↗
• Incitement, genocide, genocidal terror, and the upstream role of indoctrination: can epidemiologic models predict and prevent? — https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6196410 open ↗
• Proscribed Terrorist Organisations, pp.13–15 — https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/324603/20140627-List_of_Proscribed_organisations_WEBSITE_final.pdf open ↗
• Foreign Terrorist Organizations — https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm open ↗
• Currently listed entities — http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx open ↗
• The Federal Council adopts Ordinance banning the Islamic State Group and related organisations — https://www.vbs.admin.ch/content/vbs-internet/en/ueber-das-vbs/organisation-des-vbs/die-verwaltungseinheiten-des-vbs/-der-nachrichtendienst-des-bundes.detail.nsb.html/54773.html open ↗
• 国際テロ組織 世界のテロ組織等の概要・動向 – 国際テロリズム要覧（Web版） – 公安調査庁 — http://www.moj.go.jp/psia/ITH/organizations/index.html open ↗
• Operation Pacific Eagle–Philippines Lead Inspector General Report To The United States Congress — https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/11/2002474708/-1/-1/1/LEAD%20INSPECTOR%20GENERAL%20FOR%20OPERATION%20PACIFIC%20EAGLE-PHILIPPINES%20APRIL%201,%202020%20-%20JUNE%2030,%202020.PDF open ↗
• Terrorist Designation of ISIS General Directorate of Provinces Leaders — https://2021-2025.state.gov/terrorist-designation-of-isis-general-directorate-of-provinces-leaders/ open ↗
• National Security Presidential Memorandum no. 3 — https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2017-02-02/pdf/2017-02386.pdf open ↗
• Joint Statement Issued by Partners at the Counter-ISIL Coalition Ministerial Meeting — https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2014/12/234627.htm open ↗
• Special Report: Operation Inherent Resolve — https://www.defense.gov/OIR/ open ↗
• Special Reports: Operation Inherent Resolve — http://www.defense.gov/News/Special-Reports/0814_Inherent-Resolve open ↗
• Isis flag: What do the words mean and what are its origins? — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-flag-what-do-the-words-mean-and-what-are-its-origins-10369601.html open ↗
• Al Qaeda breaks link with Syrian militant group ISIL — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-qaeda-idUSBREA120NS20140203 open ↗
• Al-Qaeda disavows ISIS militants in Syria — https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-26016318 open ↗
• Boko Haram purportedly pledges allegiance to ISIS — http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/07/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-isis/ open ↗
• ISIS Leader Killed in US Raid Was a SNITCH Who Orchestrated the Yazidi Genocide — https://www.vice.com/en/article/who-was-isis-leader-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al-qurayshi/ open ↗
• ISIL confirms death of leader Abu Hussein al-Qurashi, names successor — https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/3/isil-confirms-death-of-leader-abu-hussein-al-qurashi-names-successor open ↗
• Down to Its Last 2 Villages in Syria, ISIS Still Fights Back — https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/24/world/middleeast/isis-syria-last-territory.html open ↗
• US-allied Syrian force declares victory over Islamic State — https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-backed-syrian-force-declares-victory-over-islamic-state/2019/03/23/fc0eb35c-4d34-11e9-8cfc-2c5d0999c21e_story.html open ↗
• Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) — Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements (2021) — https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004435544_026 open ↗
• Sayyid Qutb: Father of Salafi Jihadism, Forerunner of the Islamic State — https://www.abc.net.au/religion/sayyid-qutb-father-of-salafi-jihadism-forerunner-of-the-islamic-/10096380 open ↗
• The mind of Islamic State: more coherent and consistent than Nazism — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/04/the-mind-of-islamic-state-more-coherent-and-consistent-than-nazism open ↗
• Modern Extremist Groups and the Division of the World: A Critique from an Islamic Perspective — https://doi.org/10.1163%2F15730255-12314024 open ↗
• From Paper State to Caliphate: The Ideology of the Islamic State — http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Papers/2015/03/ideology-of-islamic-state-bunzel/The-ideology-of-the-Islamic-State.pdf?la=en open ↗
• What ISIS Really Wants — https://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2015/02/what-isis-really-wants/384980/ open ↗
• Isil carried out massacres and mass sexual enslavement of Yazidis, UN confirms — https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11160906/Isil-carried-out-massacres-and-mass-sexual-enslavement-of-Yazidis-UN-confirms.html open ↗
• Nearly 10,000 Yazidis killed, kidnapped by Islamic State in 2014, study finds — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-yazidis-idUSKBN18527I/ open ↗
• Iraq crisis: Islamic State accused of ethnic cleansing — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29026491 open ↗
• Conspiratorial Narratives in Violent Political Actors’ Language — Journal of Language and Social Psychology (2019) — https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0261927X19868494 open ↗
• The Centrality of Anti-Semitism in the Islamic State's Ideology and Its Connection to Anti-Shiism — https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel10080483 open ↗
• Anti-Shiism Discourse — https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342697889 open ↗
• Islamic State claims Pakistan bombing that kills 56 at Shiite mosque — https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosque-bombed-northwest-pakistan-30-killed-83248297 open ↗
• Three ISIS Fanboys Plotted Spring Break Attack on Shia Mosque, Feds Say — https://www.thedailybeast.com/isis-fanboy-xavier-pelkey-of-waterville-maine-plotted-spring-break-attack-on-chicago-shia-mosque-feds-say open ↗
• ISIS claims responsibility for killing of Hindu priest in Bangladesh — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/21/isis-claim-responsibility-killing-hindu-priest-bangladesh open ↗
• The Islamic State's shocking war on homosexuals — https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/13/the-islamic-states-shocking-war-on-homosexuals/ open ↗
• What ISIS Is Saying About the Orlando Shooter — https://www.vice.com/en/article/vdbke8/what-isis-is-saying-about-the-orlando-shooter open ↗
• Inside look at ISIS' brutal persecution of gays — https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-persecution-gay-men-murder-lgbt-muslim-society/ open ↗
• Amid brazen, deadly attacks, gay Syrians tell of fear of ISIS persecution — https://www.cnn.com/2015/03/05/middleeast/isis-lgbt-persecution/ open ↗
• ISIS calls on operatives to target Jews with chemical weapons — https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/ISIS-We-need-to-conquer-Israeli-settlements-start-targeting-Jews-615535 open ↗
• ISIS threatens Jews, Israel with 'big war' in second Hebrew video — https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Watch-ISIS-threatens-Jews-Israel-with-big-war-in-second-Hebrew-video-431753 open ↗
• ISIS Sympathizers Suspected of Bomb Plot on Northern Israeli High School — https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-10-02/ty-article/.highlight/isis-sympathizers-suspected-of-bomb-plot-in-northern-israeli-high-school-arrested/00000183-97cc-d7ae-afe7-dfef23260000 open ↗
• Islamic State urges attacks against Jews in effort to thwart Trump plan — https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-israel-palestinians-plan-militants-idUKKBN1ZQ1O5 open ↗
• ISIS Suicide Bombers at Brussels Airport 'Targeted U.S. Airline, Jews — https://www.newsweek.com/isis-suicide-bombers-brussels-airport-targeted-us-airline-jews-547371 open ↗
• Islamic State Unleashes Propaganda Blitz Calling for Attacks Against Jews — https://www.vice.com/en/article/islamic-state-unleashes-propaganda-blitz-calling-for-attacks-against-jews/ open ↗
• The Myth of the ISIS Female Suicide Bomber — https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/09/isis-female-suicide-bomber/539172/ open ↗
• Why Manchester Bomber Targeted Girls — https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/why-manchester-bomber-targeted-girls-127591/ open ↗
• The Girl Who Beat Isis: My Story review – inside the horror of Isis — https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/aug/01/girl-who-beat-isis-my-story-farida-khalaf-andrea-c-hoffmann open ↗
• Why Women Join ISIS — https://time.com/4138377/women-in-isis/ open ↗
• War with Isis: Islamic militants have army of 200,000, claims senior Kurdish leader — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/war-with-isis-islamic-militants-have-army-of-200000-claims-kurdish-leader-9863418.html open ↗
• Saddam's former army is secret of Baghdadi's success — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-baghdadi-insight-idUSKBN0OW1VN20150616 open ↗
• How ISIS Expands — https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/21/world/middleeast/how-isis-expands.html open ↗
• The secret world of Isis training camps – ruled by sacred texts and the sword — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/25/inside-isis-training-camps open ↗
• Islamic State Affiliate Takes Root Amid Libya's Chaos — https://www.wsj.com/articles/islamic-state-affiliate-takes-root-amid-libyas-chaos-1422837545 open ↗
• Saudi Arabia forms Islamic coalition against ISIS — https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/14/middleeast/islamic-coalition-isis-saudi-arabia/index.html open ↗
• Iraq crisis: Isis changes name and declares its territories a new Islamic state with 'restoration of caliphate' in Middle East — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-declares-new-islamic-state-in-middle-east-with-abu-bakr-albaghdadi-as-emir-removing-iraq-and-syria-from-its-name-9571374.html open ↗
• What is Islamic State? — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29052144 open ↗
• Qassim Suleimani, Master of Iran's Intrigue, Built a Shiite Axis of Power in Mideast — https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/03/obituaries/qassem-soleimani-dead.html open ↗
• In Iraq, residents of Amerli celebrate end of militant siege — http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-iraq-amerli-siege-20140902-story.html open ↗
• Isis, Isil, IS or Daesh? One group, many names — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27994277 open ↗
• Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) — https://www.nytimes.com/topic/organization/islamic-state open ↗
• ISIS or ISIL? The debate over what to call Iraq's terror group — https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/06/18/isis-or-isil-the-debate-over-what-to-call-iraqs-terror-group/ open ↗
• One More Name for Islamic State: Daesh — https://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2014/12/23/one-more-name-for-islamic-state-daesh/ open ↗
• Isis, Isil, IS or Daesh? One group, many names — https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27994277 open ↗
• Call Islamic State QSIS instead, says globally influential Islamic authority — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/27/islamic-state-isis-al-qaida-separatists-iraq-syria open ↗
• Meet 'QSIS': A new twist in what to call the extremist group rampaging in Iraq and Syria — https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/08/26/meet-qsis-a-new-twist-in-what-to-call-the-extremist-group-rampaging-in-iraq-and-syria/ open ↗
• Muslim leaders reject Baghdadi's caliphate — http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/muslim-leaders-reject-baghdadi-caliphate-20147744058773906.html open ↗
• Iraq's Baghdadi calls for 'holy war — http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/iraqi-rebel-leader-calls-holy-war-201471202429388292.html open ↗
• Australia says ready to strike ISIL in Iraq — http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/10/australia-says-ready-strike-isil-iraq-201410344429911502.html open ↗
• France is ditching the 'Islamic State' name—and replacing it with a label the group hates — https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/09/17/france-is-ditching-the-islamic-state-name-and-replacing-it-with-a-label-the-group-hates/ open ↗
• US general rebrands Isis 'Daesh' after requests from regional partners Leader of operations against group uses alternative name – a pejorative in Arabic that rejects fighters' clai — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/19/us-general-rebrands-isis open ↗
• Family says 7 children were killed in Kabul drone strike; U.S. is investigating — https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-08-30/family-says-several-children-killed-us-missile-strike-kabul open ↗
• Some Remarks on the Ideological Core and Political Pillars of the So-called Islamic State — https://www.academia.edu/50040064 open ↗
• SOME REMARKS ON THE IDEOLOGICAL CORE AND POLITICAL PILLARS OF THE SO-CALLED ISLAMIC STATE — Modern Management Review (2021) — https://doi.org/10.7862%2Frz.2021.mmr.06 open ↗
• Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Dead. Here's What to Know About the Deceased Islamic State Leader — https://time.com/5711809/al-baghdadi-islamic-state-isis-dead/ open ↗
• The 'ISIS Phenomenon — http://sites.psu.edu/academy/2016/11/06/the-isis-phenomenon/ open ↗
• What the ISIS Flag Says About the Militant Group — https://time.com/3311665/isis-flag-iraq-syria/ open ↗
• Abu Abdullah al-Muhajir: The Obscure Theologian Who Shaped ISIS — https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/12/isis-muhajir-syria/509399/ open ↗
• The core Isis manual that twisted Islam to legitimise barbarity — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/12/isis-jihadist-manual-analysed-rebutted-by-islamic-scholar open ↗
• Islamic State names new leader after death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/31/islamic-state-new-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al-qurayshi open ↗
• The Master Plan — http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/09/11/the-master-plan open ↗
• The calculated madness of the Islamic State's horrifying brutality — https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/08/12/the-calculated-madness-of-the-islamic-states-horrifying-brutality/ open ↗
• Isis has reached new depths of depravity. But there is a brutal logic behind it — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/08/isis-islamic-state-ideology-sharia-syria-iraq-jordan-pilot open ↗
• ISIS Harsh Brand of Islam Is Rooted in Austere Saudi Creed — https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/25/world/middleeast/isis-abu-bakr-baghdadi-caliph-wahhabi.html open ↗
• Crime and punishment in Saudi Arabia: The other beheaders — https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21618918-possible-reasons-mysterious-surge-executions-other-beheaders open ↗
• Deviant and Pathological': What Do ISIS Extremists Really Want? — http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/deviant-pathological-what-do-isis-extremists-really-want-n194136 open ↗
• Who is the U.S. targeting in Iraq air strikes? — http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/inside-story/articles/2014/7/7/isil-s-leader-emergesfromtheshadowswhoisabubakralbaghdadi.html open ↗
• Middle East. Inside Isis: The first Western journalist ever to be given access to the 'Islamic State' has just returned – and this is what he discovered — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/inside-isis-the-first-western-journalist-ever-given-access-to-the-islamic-state-has-just-returned-9938438.html open ↗
• Q&A: German journalist on surviving ISIL — http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/2014/12/qa-german-journalist-surviving-isil-20141224164752725983.html open ↗
• Isis announces Islamic caliphate in area straddling Iraq and Syria — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/30/isis-announces-islamic-caliphate-iraq-syria open ↗
• Self-Inflicted Wounds: Debates and Divisions within al-Qa'ida and its Periphery — https://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Self-Inflicted-Wounds.pdf open ↗
• The Terror Strategist: Secret Files Reveal the Structure of Islamic State — http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/islamic-state-files-show-structure-of-islamist-terror-group-a-1029274.html open ↗
• ISIL and the management of savagery — http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/07/isil-management-savagery-150705060914471.html open ↗
• Islamic State 'Goes Global' with Paris Attacks — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/islamic-state-goes-global-paris-attacks open ↗
• ISIS's Savage Strategy in Iraq — https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/isiss-savage-strategy-in-iraq open ↗
• Iran Assails Saudi Arabia After Pair of Deadly Terrorist Attacks — https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/world/middleeast/iran-parliament-attack-khomeini-mausoleum.html open ↗
• Life in a Jihadist Capital: Order With a Darker Side — https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/world/middleeast/islamic-state-controls-raqqa-syria.html open ↗
• Everything We Knew About This ISIS Mastermind Was Wrong — http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/04/15/everything-we-knew-about-this-isis-mastermind-was-wrong.html open ↗
• ISIS Replace Injured Leader Baghdadi With Former Physics Teacher — http://europe.newsweek.com/isis-replace-injured-leader-baghdadi-former-physics-teacher-324082 open ↗
• The anatomy of ISIS: How the 'Islamic State' is run, from oil to beheadings — https://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/18/world/meast/isis-syria-iraq-hierarchy/index.html open ↗
• How Saddam Hussein's former military officers and spies are controlling Isis — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/how-saddam-husseins-former-military-officers-and-spies-are-controlling-isis-10156610.html open ↗
• The hidden hand behind the Islamic State militants? Saddam Hussein's — https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/the-hidden-hand-behind-the-islamic-state-militants-saddam-husseins/2015/04/04/aa97676c-cc32-11e4-8730-4f473416e759_story.html open ↗
• Military Skill and Terrorist Technique Fuel Success of ISIS — https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/28/world/middleeast/army-know-how-seen-as-factor-in-isis-successes.html open ↗
• Former US military adviser David Kilcullen says there would be no Isis without Iraq invasion — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iraq-war-invasion-caused-isis-islamic-state-daesh-saysus-military-adviser-david-kilcullen-a6912236.html open ↗
• Splits in Islamic State Emerge as Its Ranks Expand — https://www.wsj.com/articles/islamic-state-feels-growing-pains-1425903933 open ↗
• In Islamic State Stronghold of Raqqa, Foreign Fighters Dominate — https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-islamic-state-stronghold-of-raqqa-foreign-fighters-dominate-1423087426 open ↗
• IS group unit known as 'Emni' aims to export terror around the world — http://www.france24.com/en/20160804-islamic-state-group-emni-group-exporting-terror-world-europe open ↗
• How a Secretive Branch of ISIS Built a Global Network of Killers — https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/04/world/middleeast/isis-german-recruit-interview.html open ↗
• Abu Muhammad al-Adnani's death does not signal the demise of Isis — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/31/abu-muhammad-al-adnanis-death-does-not-signal-the-demise-of-isis open ↗
• ISIS leader al-Baghdadi believed to have been killed in a US military raid, sources say — https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/26/politics/white-house-trump-announcement-sunday/index.html open ↗
• Islamic State Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Dead, Trump Says — https://www.wsj.com/articles/islamic-state-leader-targeted-in-u-s-military-raid-11572155580 open ↗
• Isis leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi killed in US raid, says Donald Trump – latest updates — https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2019/oct/27/abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-islamic-state-leader-trump-syria open ↗
• US targeted ISIL leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi: US officials — https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/targetted-isil-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-191027050027973.html open ↗
• Turkish-U.S. military forces exchanged information ahead of U.S. operation in Syria — https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKBN1X6096 open ↗
• Factbox: World reacts to announcement of Islamic State leader Baghdadi's death — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-baghdadi-reaction-fact/factbox-world-reacts-to-announcement-of-islamic-state-leader-baghdadis-death-idUSKBN1X60HS open ↗
• Trump says U.S. may release parts of Baghdadi raid video — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-baghdadi/russia-guarded-over-baghdadi-killing-world-leaders-say-fight-goes-on-idUSKBN1X71DY open ↗
• Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi dead: Russia says it may have killed Isis leader in Raqqa air strike — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-dead-isis-leader-russia-raqqa-air-strike-killed-syria-islamic-state-chief-a7792801.html open ↗
• With Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi gone, what next for ISIL? — https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-isil-191028140353503.html open ↗
• Trump says al-Baghdadi's 'number one replacement' is dead — https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/trump-al-baghdadi-number-replacement-dead-191029142647917.html open ↗
• Trump says likely Baghdadi successor killed by U.S. troops — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-baghdadi-successor/trump-says-likely-baghdadi-successor-killed-by-us-troops-idUSKBN1X81LG open ↗
• Islamic State names its new leader — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50254785 open ↗
• Caliphs of the Shadows: The Islamic State's Leaders Post-Mawla — https://ctc.westpoint.edu/caliphs-of-the-shadows-the-islamic-states-leaders-post-mawla open ↗
• Islamic State Chief Is Dead and New One Is Picked. Both Are Unknown — https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/30/world/middleeast/new-isis-leader.html open ↗
• Senior ISIS leader killed, 4 U.S. troops and working dog wounded in northeast Syria raid — https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-leader-killed-us-troops-wounded-in-ne-syria-raid/ open ↗
• Turkey offers details of Islamic State chief's death — https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230501-turkey-offers-details-of-islamic-state-chief-s-death open ↗
• Two women release extraordinary footage of what life is really like living under Isis — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-hidden-footage-reveals-reality-of-life-in-raqqa-a6928721.html open ↗
• Deserters describe life under ISIL rule — http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/deserters-describe-life-isil-rule-161010132353949.html open ↗
• ISIL, beheadings and the success of horrifying violence — https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/06/13/isis-beheadings-and-the-success-of-horrifying-violence/ open ↗
• These are the 'crimes' Isis punishes with amputation, stoning and crucifixion — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-publishes-penal-code-listing-amputation-crucifixion-and-stoning-as-punishments-and-vows-to-vigilantly-enforce-it-9994878.html open ↗
• Her Majesty's Jihadists — https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/19/magazine/her-majestys-jihadists.html open ↗
• ISIS By the Numbers: Foreign Fighter Total Keeps Growing — http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/isis-numbers-foreign-fighter-total-keeps-growing-n314731 open ↗
• World's Richest Terror Army — https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05s4ytp open ↗
• Insight into How Insurgents Fought in Iraq — https://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/17/insight-into-how-insurgents-fought-in-iraq/ open ↗
• U.S. missile brought down Russian helicopter in Syria: report — http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/07/10/world/u-s-missile-brought-russian-helicopter-syria-report/ open ↗
• Report details where ISIS gets its weapons — http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/14/politics/isis-weapons-report/index.html open ↗
• Low-Grade Nuclear Material Is Seized by Rebels in Iraq, U.N. Says — https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/11/world/middleeast/iraq.html open ↗
• Iraq jihadists seize 'nuclear material', says ambassador to UN — https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10958388/Iraq-jihadists-seize-nuclear-material-says-ambassador-to-UN.html open ↗
• US official: 'IS making and using chemical weapons in Iraq and Syria — https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-34211838 open ↗
• Isis 'manufacturing and using chemical weapons' in Iraq and Syria, US official claims — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-manufacturing-and-using-chemical-weapons-in-iraq-and-syria-us-official-claims-10496094.html open ↗
• Isis now targeting women with guides on how to be the 'ultimate wives of jihad — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-now-targeting-women-with-guides-on-how-to-be-the-ultimate-wives-of-jihad-9830562.html open ↗
• ISIS 'Manifesto' Spells Out Role for Women — https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/03/isis-manifesto-spells-out-role-for-women/387049/ open ↗
• Inside the Islamic State kidnap machine — https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34312450 open ↗
• Selling terror: how Isis details its brutality — https://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/69e70954-f639-11e3-a038-00144feabdc0.html open ↗
• Man Without an ISIS Plan — https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/12/opinion/man-without-an-isis-plan.html open ↗
• How an arrest in Iraq revealed Isis's $2bn jihadist network — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/15/iraq-isis-arrest-jihadists-wealth-power open ↗
• ISIS Is the World's Richest Terror Group, But Spending Money Fast — https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-uncovered/isis-richest-terror-group-world-n326781 open ↗
• ISIS just stole $425 million, Iraqi governor says, and became the 'world's richest terrorist group — https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/06/12/isis-just-stole-425-million-and-became-the-worlds-richest-terrorist-group open ↗
• U.S. Official Doubts ISIS Mosul Bank Heist Windfall — http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/iraq-turmoil/u-s-official-doubts-isis-mosul-bank-heist-windfall-n139846 open ↗
• Biggest bank robbery that 'never happened' – $400m Isis heist — https://www.ft.com/content/0378d4f4-0c28-11e4-9080-00144feabdc0 open ↗
• Lafarge pleads guilty to U.S. charge of supporting Islamic State, to pay $778 million — https://www.reuters.com/legal/french-cement-maker-lafarge-plead-guilty-us-charges-supporting-islamic-state-2022-10-18/ open ↗
• Isis to mint own Islamic dinar coins in gold, silver and copper — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/isis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins open ↗
• Islamic State announces its own currency — http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11230324/Islamic-State-announces-its-own-currency.html open ↗
• Isis fails to bring in own currency, relies on 'satanic' US dollars instead — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-attempt-to-topple-us-economy-with-own-currency-failing-as-reliance-on-american-dollars-a6952566.html open ↗
• Al-Qaida offshoot in fierce offensive, carves out territory across Syria and Iraq — https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Al-Qaida-offshoot-in-fierce-offensive-carves-out-territory-across-Syria-and-Iraq-355874 open ↗
• John Kerry holds talks in Iraq as more cities fall to ISIS militants — http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/23/world/meast/iraq-crisis/ open ↗
• Sunni Militants Drive Iraqi Army Out of Mosul — https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/world/middleeast/militants-in-mosul.html open ↗
• Sunni Extremists in Iraq Seize 3 Towns From Kurds and Threaten Major Dam — https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/04/world/middleeast/iraq.html open ↗
• The life and times of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Iraq's prince of terror — https://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/osamabinladen/alzarqawi-lifeandtimes.html open ↗
• The Evolution of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (Isis) — https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05858?seq=3 open ↗
• Exclusive: In turf war with Afghan Taliban, Islamic State loyalists gain ground — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-islamic-state-idUSKCN0P91EN20150629 open ↗
• Islamic State and the crisis in Iraq and Syria in maps — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27838034 open ↗
• Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-militants-is-idUSKCN0J20YQ20141118 open ↗
• Islamic State moves in on al-Qaeda turf — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-31064300 open ↗
• How Bangladesh Became Fertile Ground for al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State — https://ctc.usma.edu/posts/how-bangladesh-became-fertile-ground-for-al-qaida-and-the-islamic-state open ↗
• Islamist militants in Mali kill hundreds, displace thousands in eastern advance — https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/islamist-militants-mali-kill-hundreds-displace-thousands-eastern-advance-2022-10-14/ open ↗
• Islamic State-Somalia: A Growing Global Terror Concern — https://ctc.westpoint.edu/islamic-state-somalia-a-growing-global-terror-concern/ open ↗
• The Islamic State in the Philippines: A Looming Shadow in Southeast Asia? — https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-islamic-state-in-the-philippines-a-looming-shadow-in-southeast-asia/ open ↗
• Incitement, genocide, genocidal terror, and the upstream role of indoctrination: can epidemiologic models predict and prevent? — Public Health Reviews (2018) — https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40985-018-0106-7 open ↗
• They're delusional": Rivals ridicule ISIS declaration of Islamic state — http://www.cbsnews.com/news/theyre-delusional-rivals-ridicule-isis-declaration-of-islamic-state open ↗
• The slow backlash – Sunni religious authorities turn against Islamic State — https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21615634-sunni-religious-authorities-turn-against-islamic-state-slow-backlash open ↗
• Saudi Arabia's Grand Mufti denounces Islamic State group as un-Islamic — http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/2014/08/25/saudi-arabias-grand-mufti-denounces-islamic-state-group-as-un-islamic/ open ↗
• Isis is 'an offence to Islam', says international coalition of major Islamic scholars — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-is-an-offence-to-islam-says-international-coalition-of-major-islamic-scholars-9756255.html open ↗
• ISIS Leader Killed in US Raid Was a SNITCH Who Orchestrated the Yazidi Genocide — https://www.vice.com/en/article/dyp43v/who-was-isis-leader-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al-qurayshi open ↗
• 70,000 Muslim clerics just issued a fatwa against terrorism — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/70000-indian-muslim-clerics-issue-fatwa-against-isis-the-taliban-al-qaida-and-other-terror-groups-a6768191.html open ↗
• Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi addresses Muslims in Mosul — https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10948480/Islamic-State-leader-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-addresses-Muslims-in-Mosul.html open ↗
• Battle Lines — https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/08/battle-lines-jihad-creswell-and-haykel open ↗
• Ghosts of Aleppo (Full Length) — https://www.vice.com/en/article/ghosts-of-aleppo-full-length/ open ↗
• Al-Qaeda Cuts Ties with Syrian Rebel Group — https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/02/al-qaeda-cuts-ties-syrian-rebel-group/357686/ open ↗
• Defectors: ISIS is killing Muslims, not protecting them — http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/21/opinions/isis-defectors-neumann-amanpour/index.html open ↗
• Saudi Arabia designates Muslim Brotherhood terrorist group — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security-idUSBREA260SM20140307 open ↗
• India bans IS — http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-government-bans-islamic-state-terror-organisation/article6698369.ece open ↗
• Azerbaijan jails 7 who joined militants in Syria, Iraq — https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/azerbaijan-jails-7-who-joined-militants-in-syria-iraq/2016/11/16/90f30df4-ac44-11e6-8f19-21a1c65d2043_story.html open ↗
• Taliban labels Islamic State affiliate a 'false sect — https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/03/middleeast/taliban-isis-k-seditious-sect-afghanistan-intl-hnk/index.html open ↗
• Germany Bans Support for ISIS — https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/13/world/europe/germany-bans-support-of-isis.html open ↗
• The ISIS Crisis and the Development of International Humanitarian Law — https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1146&context=eilr#page=8 open ↗
• ISIS: The first terror group to build an Islamic state? — https://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/12/world/meast/who-is-the-isis/ open ↗
• Extremists in Iraq Continue March Toward Baghdad — http://time.com/2859454/iraq-tikrit-isis-baghdad-mosul/ open ↗
• Struggling to Gauge ISIS Threat, Even as U.S. Prepares to Act — https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/11/world/middleeast/struggling-to-gauge-isis-threat-even-as-us-prepares-to-act.html open ↗
• How to think about Islamic State — https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jul/24/how-to-think-about-islamic-state open ↗
• Islamist fighters drawn from half the world's countries, says UN — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/26/islamist-fighters-drawn-from-half-the-worlds-countries-says-un open ↗
• Support for Isis stronger in Arabic social media in Europe than in Syria — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/28/support-isis-stronger-arabic-social-media-europe-us-than-syria open ↗
• Teenage Terrorists and the Digital Ecosystem of the Islamic State — https://ctc.westpoint.edu/teenage-terrorists-and-the-digital-ecosystem-of-the-islamic-state/ open ↗
• ISIS has an army in waiting — and Trump's next move could decide whether it rises again — https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/isis-islamic-state-syria-prisons-al-hol-camp-trump-assad-hts-rcna188710 open ↗
• US begins transfer of up to 7,000 IS group detainees from Syria to Iraq — https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20260122-us-begins-transfer-of-up-to-7-000-is-group-detainees-from-syria-to-iraq open ↗
• Civilian deaths tripled in U.S.-led campaign against ISIS in 2017, watchdog alleges — https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/civilian-deaths-tripled-in-us-led-campaign-during-2017-watchdog-alleges/2018/01/18/ccfae298-fc6d-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html open ↗
• US-led coalition killed up to 6000 civilians in fight against IS: watchdog says — https://www.smh.com.au/world/usled-coalition-killed-up-to-6000-civilians-in-fight-against-is-watchdog-says-20180119-h0kpx3.html open ↗
• Lebanese army slowly crushing extremists near Syria border — https://apnews.com/74bea1db221842059615bb1cad15a23c open ↗
• Lebanese army slowly crushing extremists near Syria border — https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/lebanese-army-slowly-crushing-extremists-near-syria-border/2016/06/22/5a01865e-3845-11e6-af02-1df55f0c77ff_story.html open ↗
• Iran's elite Guards fighting in Iraq to push back Islamic State — https://www.reuters.com/article/iraq-security-iran-idINL6N0Q73ZU20140803 open ↗
• Russia Tells Iraq It's 'Ready' to Support Fight Against ISIS — http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/russia-tells-iraq-its-ready-support-fight-against-isis-n212136 open ↗
• Russian Jets and Experts Sent to Iraq to Aid Army — https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/30/world/middleeast/iraq.html open ↗
• Russia launches first airstrikes in Syria — https://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/30/politics/russia-syria-airstrikes-isis/ open ↗
• ISIS gaining ground in Yemen, competing with al Qaeda — https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/21/politics/isis-gaining-ground-in-yemen/ open ↗
• ISIL and the Taliban — http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/specialseries/2015/11/islamic-state-isil-taliban-afghanistan-151101074041755.html open ↗
• ISIL warns Hamas in video message — http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/07/isil-warns-hamas-video-message-150701042302630.html open ↗
• Islamic State leader urges attacks in Saudi Arabia: speech — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-baghdadi-idUSKCN0IX1Y120141113 open ↗
• Syria: Jabhat al-Nusra split after leader's pledge of support for al-Qaeda — https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10067318/Syria-Jabhat-al-Nusra-split-after-leaders-pledge-of-support-for-al-Qaeda.html open ↗
• Al-Qaeda disavows any ties with radical Islamist ISIS group in Syria, Iraq — https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/al-qaeda-disavows-any-ties-with-radical-islamist-isis-group-in-syria-iraq/2014/02/03/2c9afc3a-8cef-11e3-98ab-fe5228217bd1_story.html open ↗
• How would a deal between al-Qaeda and Isil change Syria's civil war? — https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11230622/How-would-a-deal-between-al-Qaeda-and-Isil-change-Syrias-civil-war.html open ↗
• Al Qaeda calls Islamic State illegitimate but suggests cooperation — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-zawahri-idUSKCN0R91LY20150909 open ↗
• Video shows Islamic State executes scores of Syrian soldiers — https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-idUSKBN0GS10O20140828 open ↗
• UN 'may include' Isis on Syrian war crimes list — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28498661 open ↗
• Islamic State' Is a Slur on Our Faith, Say Leading Muslims — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/13/term-islamic-state-slur-faith-david-cameron open ↗
• Isis: the inside story — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/11/-sp-isis-the-inside-story open ↗
• Using the Mistakes of al Qaeda's Franchises to Undermine Its Strategies — The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (2008) — https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0002716208316650 open ↗
• Who Becomes a Foreign Fighter? Characteristics of the Islamic State’s Soldiers — Terrorism and Political Violence (2023) — https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09546553.2022.2144730 open ↗
• Islamic State': Raqqa's loss seals rapid rise and fall — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35695648 open ↗
• The Islamic State — https://www.vice.com/en/article/islamic-state-full-length/ open ↗
• The Group That Calls Itself a State — https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-group-that-calls-itself-a-state-understanding-the-evolution-and-challenges-of-the-islamic-state open ↗
• Islamic State in Iraq and Syria — https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islamic-State-in-Iraq-and-the-Levant open ↗
• Yihadismo global, la amenaza más persistente — https://www.dsn.gob.es/sites/dsn/files/OIET-RIET%20Yihadismo-global-la-amenaza-mas-persistente-JDA%2027abr2021.pdf open ↗
• This Canadian jihadist died in Syria, but his video may recruit more foreign fighters — http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/07/16/this-canadian-jihadist-died-in-syria-but-his-video-may-recruit-more-foreign-fighters/ open ↗
• ISISi comes to Libya — http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/18/world/isis-libya/ open ↗
• Derna, en Libye, premier territoire de l’EI hors des frontières du «califat — http://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2014/11/12/derna-premier-territoire-de-l-ei-hors-des-frontieres-du-califat_4522358_3210.html open ↗
• Islamic State foiled in attempt to kidnap Syrian rebel leader in Turkey — http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11173013/Islamic-State-foiled-in-attempt-to-kidnap-Syrian-rebel-leader-in-Turkey.html open ↗
• Egyptian jihadis pledge allegiance to Isis — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/10/egyptian-jihadists-pledge-allegiance-isis open ↗
• L'Etat islamique tisse sa toile en Asie du Sud-Est — http://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2014/10/01/l-etat-islamique-tisse-sa-toile-en-asie-du-sud-est_4498360_3216.html?xtmc=ei_philippines&xtcr=1 open ↗
• La secta radical nigeriana Boko Haram jura lealtad al Estado Islámico — http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/03/07/actualidad/1425762653_831755.html open ↗
• Islamist group ISIS claims deadly Lebanon blast, promises more violence — http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/04/world/meast/lebanon-unrest/ open ↗
• Islamic State 'has 50,000 fighters in Syria — http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/08/islamic-state-50000-fighters-syria-2014819184258421392.html open ↗
• Los 30.000 que libran la batalla por el califato del Estado Islámico — http://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2014/09/13/54135084ca474124028b4572.html open ↗
• primera versión — http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/surge-in-violence-new-training-camps-show-al-qaida-revival-in-iraq-after-us-troop-withdrawal/2012/10/09/8133aa96-1232-11e2-9a39-1f5a7f6fe945_print.html open ↗
• Estado Islámico en EL PAÍS — https://elpais.com/noticias/eiil-estado-islamico-irak-levante/ open ↗
• Irak recibe cinco cazas rusos para combatir a la insurgencia — http://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2014/06/29/53afef85ca474185108b456e.html open ↗
• ¿En qué se basa la forma de gobierno de un califato? — http://www.abc.es/sociedad/20140702/abci-califato-gobierno-mahoma-201407011414.html open ↗
• Syria launches rare strikes on ISIL-held Raqqa — http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/09/syria-launches-rare-strikes-isil-held-raqqa-150917133140290.html open ↗
• Al-Qaeda-linked groups expand into Lebanon — http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/01/al-qaeda-group-says-lebanese-shia-are-targets-201412643312606443.html open ↗
• Islamic State has training camps in Libya, warns US commander — http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11272216/Islamic-State-has-training-camps-in-Libya-warns-US-commander.html open ↗
• EIIL/Daexe — geografias e transliterações — http://ec.europa.eu/translation/portuguese/magazine/documents/folha50_pt.pdf open ↗
• Proposta de resolução sobre o perigo do Daexe na Turquia e no Médio Oriente - B8-1127/2015 — http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+MOTION+B8-2015-1127+0+DOC+XML+V0//PT open ↗
• Conclusões da 43.ª reunião do Conselho do EEE Bruxelas (18 de maio de 2015) — http://www.consilium.europa.eu/pt/press/press-releases/2015/05/18-eea-43rd-meeting/ open ↗
• Duxambé, Chechénia e os estados Xã e Chim — http://ec.europa.eu/translation/portuguese/magazine/documents/folha59_pt.pdf open ↗
• Isis rebels declare 'Islamic state' in Iraq and Syria — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28082962 open ↗
• What is ISIS? — The Short Answer — https://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2014/06/12/islamic-state-of-iraq-and-al-sham-the-short-answer/ open ↗
• Battle to establish Islamic state across Iraq and Syria — http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/battle-to-establish-islamic-state-across-iraq-and-syria-9510044.html open ↗
• Foreign Terrorist Organizations — https://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm open ↗
• Saudi Arabia designates Muslim Brotherhood terrorist group — http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/07/us-saudi-security-idUSBREA260SM20140307 open ↗
• Who are Isis? A terror group too extreme even for al-Qaida — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/11/isis-too-extreme-al-qaida-terror-jihadi open ↗
• US should launch targeted military strikes on 'terrorist army' Isis, says General David Petraeus — http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10913259/US-should-launch-targeted-military-strikes-on-terrorist-army-Isis-says-General-David-Petraeus.html open ↗
• Situation Called Dire in West Iraq — http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091001204.html?nav=rss_email/components open ↗
• En carte : l'avancée de l'Etat islamique en Irak et en Syrie — https://www.lemonde.fr/international/infographie/2015/05/22/en-carte-l-avancee-de-l-etat-islamique-en-irak-et-en-syrie_4638594_3210.html open ↗
• Bilan d’une semaine sanglante en Libye — http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20141114-bilan-une-semaine-sanglante-libye-tobrouk-bayda-etat-islamique/ open ↗
• L’État islamique revendique une attaque contre des touristes étrangers au Tadjikistan — https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2018/07/30/l-etat-islamique-revendique-une-attaque-contre-des-touristes-etrangers-au-tadjikistan_5337688_3210.html open ↗
• Liban: menaces de l'EI contre des soldats otages — http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2014/12/19/97001-20141219FILWWW00198-liban-menaces-de-l-ei-contre-des-soldats-otages.php open ↗
• La Russie annonce la mort de 11 partisans de l’EI dans le Caucase — https://lemonde.fr/europe/video/2015/11/22/la-russie-annonce-la-mort-de-11-partisans-de-l-ei-dans-le-caucase_4815189_3214.html open ↗
• L'organisation État islamique revendique une attaque au Burkina Faso, une première dans la sous-région — https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/mali/guerre-au-mali/l-organisation-etat-islamique-revendique-une-attaque-au-burkina-faso-une-premiere-dans-la-sous-region_1811437.html open ↗
• Ottawa shooting: Harper, Mulcair, Trudeau speak about attack — http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ottawa-shooting-harper-mulcair-trudeau-speak-about-attack-1.2809530 open ↗
• Attentat au Maroc : les suspects avaient prêté allégeance au groupe État islamique — https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/maroc/meurtre-de-deux-scandinaves-au-maroc-les-suspects-avaient-prete-allegeance-au-groupe-etat-islamique_3110193.html open ↗
• Isis launches first strike on India with train attack — https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/isis-launches-first-strike-on-india-with-train-attack-8kch9l06r open ↗
• Kenya : ISIS Claims Responsibility for Police Station Attack, Its First in the Country — http://www.newsweek.com/isis-kenya-police-station-mombasa-498226 open ↗
• Attaques en Catalogne : attentat meurtrier à Barcelone, des blessés à Cambrils — https://www.lemonde.fr/europe/live/2017/08/17/en-direct-un-vehicule-fonce-sur-la-foule-a-barcelone-plusieurs-blesses_5173481_3214.html open ↗
• lire en ligne — https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2016/12/20/jordanie-l-ei-revendique-l-attaque-de-karak_5051939_3210.html open ↗
• L’État islamique revendique sa première attaque en République démocratique du Congo — https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/04/19/en-rdc-l-etat-islamique-revendique-sa-premiere-attaque-et-l-etablissement-d-une-filiale_5452690_3212.html#Echobox=1555692058 open ↗
• Mozambique : des djihadistes prennent la ville de Palma, à proximité d’un projet gazier piloté par le groupe français Total — https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2021/03/27/mozambique-une-centaine-de-personnes-piegees-dans-un-hotel-de-palma-par-une-attaque-djihadiste_6074637_3212.html open ↗
• Inside the leadership of Islamic State: how the new 'caliphate' is run — https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10956280/Inside-the-leadership-of-Islamic-State-how-the-new-caliphate-is-run.html open ↗
• „Dschihadisten sind pragmatisch“ — https://taz.de/Islamischer-Staat/!5025957/ open ↗
• What ISIS Really Wants — https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/03/what-isis-really-wants/384980/ open ↗
• How ISIS Spread in the Middle East — https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/10/how-isis-started-syria-iraq/412042/ open ↗
• Islamic State in Iraq and Syria — http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/1 open ↗
• The Islamic State (Is) — https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324221331_The_Islamic_State_Is_An_exceptional_contested_state open ↗
• Der Spitzel-Führer des „Islamischen Staates“ — https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/haji-bakr-der-terror-planer-des-islamischen-staats-is-a-1029289.html open ↗
• Neuer Gottesstaat im Nahen Osten. — https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/isis-in-irak-und-syrien-bauen-die-extremisten-am-gottesstaat-a-941782.html open ↗
• Fourth Generation _Governance_ – Sheikh Tamimi defends the Islamic State of Iraq. — https://www.ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/ISI-Fourth_Gen4.pdf open ↗
• Richard Hall: „Isis caliphate defeated: Victory declared as Islamic State loses last of its territory“ — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-caliphate-over-islamic-state-territory-lose-syria-iraq-terrorists-jihadis-a8781896.html open ↗
• Anschläge erschüttern Tunis. — https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/tunis-171.html open ↗
• Großmufti nennt Dschihadisten „Feinde Nummer eins des Islam“ — http://www.zeit.de/news/2014-08/19/saudi-arabien-grossmufti-nennt-dschihadisten-feinde-nummer-eins-des-islam-19135002 open ↗
• Führungsmitglied der Al Qaida im Irak gefasst. — https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/kampf-gegen-den-terror-fuehrungsmitglied-der-al-qaida-im-irak-gefasst-1354780.html open ↗
• Viel mehr als eine Terrormiliz. — https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/kampf-gegen-is-viel-mehr-als-eine-terrormiliz-1.2144142 open ↗
• Warum der Name „Daesch“ den Islamischen Staat ärgert. — https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/terrororganisation-warum-der-name-daesch-den-islamischen-staat-aergert-1.2745175 open ↗
• Das ABC des Islamischen Staats. — https://www.welt.de/kultur/article132625450/Das-ABC-des-Islamischen-Staats.html open ↗
• “Operation Inherent Resolve and other overseas contingency operations” — https://media.defense.gov/2019/Feb/05/2002086500/-1/-1/1/FY2019_LIG_OIRREPORT.PDF open ↗
• “Briefing With Special Representative for Syria Engagement and Special Envoy for the Global Coalition To Defeat ISIS Ambassador James Jeffrey” — https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2019/03/290654.htm open ↗
• “오바마가 IS를 '다에시'로 부른 까닭은?” — http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/11/17/2015111700273.html open ↗
• “Death Could Shake Al-Qaeda In Iraq and Around the World” — http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/09/AR2006060902040.html open ↗
• “Key Free Syria Army rebel 'killed by Islamist group'” — https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-23283079 open ↗
• “The ISIL’s Stand in the Ramadi-Falluja Corridor” — https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-isils-stand-in-the-ramadi-falluja-corridor open ↗
• Anbar Picture Grows Clearer, and Bleaker". — http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/27/AR2006112701287.html open ↗
• “Islamic law comes to rebel-held Syria” — http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/islamic-law-comes-to-rebel-held-syria/2013/03/19/b310532e-90af-11e2-bdea-e32ad90da239_print.html open ↗
• “Iraq city of Tikrit falls to ISIL fighters” — http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/iraqi-city-tikrit-falls-isil-fighters-2014611135333576799.html open ↗
• “A Simple and Useful Guide to Understanding the Conflict in Iraq” — http://abcnews.go.com/International/simple-guide-understanding-conflict-iraq/story?id=24113794 open ↗
• “Statement by President Joe Biden” — https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/03/statement-by-president-joe-biden-3/ open ↗
• Two Arab countries fall apart — http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21604230-extreme-islamist-group-seeks-create-caliphate-and-spread-jihad-across open ↗
• “Iraq’s Terrorists Are Becoming a Full-Blown Army” — http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/06/11/iraq-s-terrorists-are-becoming-a-full-blown-army.html open ↗
• “How effective is Isis compared with the Iraqi army and Kurdish peshmerga? — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/12/how-battle-ready-isis-iraqi-army-peshmerga open ↗
• Syria's top Islamist and jihadist groups — http://www.france24.com/static/infographies/2013/syrie-groupes-terroristes-carte/en/index.html open ↗
• “ISIS fanatics call on supporters to 'terrorize' Jewish people in the West” — https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/ISIS-Threat/ISIS-fanatics-call-on-supporters-to-terrorize-Jewish-people-in-the-West-482987 open ↗
• 「イラク・レバントのイスラム国」（ISIL）の退潮と今後の展望 — https://www.moj.go.jp/psia/ITH/topic/topic_02.html open ↗
• ラマディ、ほぼ制圧 IS、失地重ね陰り — https://mainichi.jp/articles/20151229/k00/00m/030/163000c open ↗
• “Isis defeated, US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces announce” — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/23/isis-defeated-us-backed-syrian-democratic-forces-announce open ↗
• IS指導者死亡か 「戦場から排除した」 米バイデン大統領声明 — https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220203/k10013466011000.html open ↗
• “IS指導者死亡、10月中旬の自由シリア軍作戦で＝米軍” — https://jp.reuters.com/article/islamic-state-leader-idJPKBN2SL2R6/ open ↗
• “IS指導者を殺害か、トルコ大統領が発表 シリアで作戦実施と” — https://www.bbc.com/japanese/65433898 open ↗
• IS-Terrormiliz verliert letzte Bastion in Syrien — https://www.sueddeutsche.de/news/politik/konflikte-is-terrormiliz-verliert-letzte-bastion-in-syrien-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-190323-99-509371 open ↗
• Syrie : avec la chute de Baghouz, l’EI perd son dernier territoire — https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2019/03/23/l-organisation-etat-islamique-a-perdu-le-dernier-territoire-qu-elle-tenait-en-syrie_5440146_3210.html open ↗
• La matanza que se oculta bajo el asedio internacional a la capital del ISIS en Siria — https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/04/25/actualidad/1556192246_178378.html open ↗
• Iraqi audio recording shows Saddam Hussein's deputy may still be alive — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/16/iraqi-audio-recording-shows-saddam-husseins-deputy-may-still-be-alive open ↗
• ISIL 最高指導者が素性を明らかにしない背景 — https://www.moj.go.jp/psia/ITH/topics/column_01.html open ↗
• “See the Terrifying ISIS Map Showing Its 5-Year Expansion Plan” — https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=24366850SIS open ↗
• 歌声も絵心も滅びない モスル、ISの暴力から解放された街で — https://www.asahi.com/articles/DA3S13356981.html open ↗
• Baghdad bomb fatalities pass 150 — http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8325600.stm open ↗
• Members – The Global Coalition To Defeat ISIS — https://www.state.gov/the-global-coalition-to-defeat-isis-partners/ open ↗
• Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). — http://britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1963547/Islamic-State-in-Iraq-and-the-Levant-ISIL open ↗
• Iraq crisis: Could an ISIS caliphate ever govern the entire Muslim world? — http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-02/could-an-isis-caliphate-ever-govern-the-muslim-world/5559806 open ↗
• In Syria, U.S.-backed forces launch battle for last Islamic State foothold — https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/in-syria-us-backed-forces-open-battle-for-last-islamic-state-foothold/2019/02/09/342ed292-666c-497b-a109-4d49b861710b_story.html open ↗
• Assessing AQI’s Resilience After April’s Leadership Decapitations — https://ctc.westpoint.edu/assessing-aqis-resilience-after-aprils-leadership-decapitations/ open ↗
• Iraq asks US for air strikes on ISIL rebels — https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/6/19/iraq-asks-us-for-air-strikes-on-isil-rebels open ↗
• Obama authorises air strikes — https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/8/8/obama-authorises-air-strikes-in-iraq open ↗
• Libya's Sirte in rubble after ISIL battle — http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/libya-sirte-rubble-isil-defeat-161206055401188.html open ↗
• Libya conflict: IS 'ejected' from stronghold of Sirte — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38227543 open ↗
• Islamic State announces new leader after death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi — https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/10/31/islamic-state-announces-new-leader-death-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi/ open ↗
• Iraqi Insurgent Group Names New Leaders — https://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/iraqi-insurgent-group-names-new-leaders/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0 open ↗
• ISIL confirms leader killed in US raid in Syria — https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/10/isil-confirms-leader-killed-in-syria open ↗
• ISIL announces death of its leader — https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/30/islamic-state-group-announces-death-of-leader open ↗
• Islamic State confirms death of its leader, names replacement — https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/islamic-state-confirms-death-its-leader-names-his-replacement-2023-08-03/ open ↗
• President Obama: U.S. squeezing the heart of ISIS — http://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-huddles-with-national-security-team-at-pentagon-for-isis-update/ open ↗

We cite sources by name and outlet rather than fabricating links. Where a source includes its own URL, the open ↗ link opens it directly; otherwise search ↗runs a Google Scholar query for the cited title — useful for verifying academic sources. For news outlets, search the outlet's own archive.

Change history

Substantive edits logged per the score-updates policy.

1. 2026-05-29Phase 1 Batch J: per-group recovery resources applied via programmatic palette (closest-fit by category + subCategory + score). Palette: Political cadre.
2. 2026-05-20Source-density flags derived from existing free-text sources[]: court records. Heuristic auto-flag; subsequent editorial pass will populate structuredSources[] with reliability tiers.
3. 2026-05-20Score band scheme migrated from 4 bands to 5 (Minimal 0–5 / Low 6–12 / Moderate 13–20 / High 21–30 / Extreme 31–40). No CLCI value changed; the new Minimal band was carved out of the bottom of the previous Low band.

Relevant hubs

Curated entry points on CLCI Hub for situations connected to this group.

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Frequently asked questions