Coercive control

Evan Stark's framework (developed in domestic-abuse research, 2007 onward) — a sustained pattern of behavioural restriction, isolation, financial control, surveillance, and threats that limits a person's autonomy. Criminalised in the UK by the Serious Crime Act 2015 s. 76 and in several other jurisdictions. Maps closely onto the BITE model when applied to high-control religious or ideological contexts; the same mechanisms appear at intimate-partner, family, and organisational scale.