Educational tool only. All groups exist on a spectrum of control. Individual experiences vary. Based on publicly available reports, ex-member accounts, court records, and expert analyses — not medical or legal advice.
2 group profiles for organisations whose documented founding falls in the 1670s. Sorted by CLCI score, descending.
17th-century Catholic mystical movement teaching total passivity of the soul before God. Miguel de Molinos's 'Spiritual Guide' (1675) was condemned by Innocent XI in 1687; Madame Guyon and Fénelon were censured.
17th–18th-century German Lutheran renewal movement initiated by Philipp Jakob Spener (Pia Desideria, 1675) and institutionalised by August Hermann Francke at Halle. Foundational influence on later evangelicalism and Methodism.