Quanzhen Taoism (Complete Perfection, monastic)

Evidence by BITE axis

Timeline

1. 12th c.
   Wang Chongyang founds Quanzhen

Evidence matrix

Structured sources cross-linked to the claims they document. Tiered per the source hierarchy. For free-text citations see the Sources section below.

Sources

• Vincent Goossaert academic work search ↗
• Mathematics and Science in China and the West — Science & Society: A Journal of Marxist Thought and Analysis (1956) — https://doi.org/10.1177%2F003682375602000403 open ↗
• Daoist Philosophy — https://iep.utm.edu/daoismdaoist-philosophy/ open ↗
• The Tao of Textbooks: Taoism in Introductory World Religion Texts — Teaching Theology & Religion (2001) — https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9647.00093 open ↗
• Taoism — Religion, Spirituality and Health: A Social Scientific Approach (2020) — https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-27953-0_8 open ↗
• On the Historical Background and Ideological Resources of the Confluence of Islam and Confucianism — https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel13080748 open ↗
• Taoism, an Appreciation — https://doi.org/10.1086%2F475692 open ↗
• Front Matter of Volume 1 — International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2015) — https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-08-097086-8.99002-0 open ↗
• Buddhist–Daoist Interaction as Creative Dialogue: The Mind and Dào in Twofold Mystery Teaching — Chán Buddhism in Dūnhuáng and Beyond (2020) — https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004439245_009 open ↗
• Buddhist Influence On Early Taoism — T'oung Pao (1980) — https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156853280X00039 open ↗
• Chinese consumer trends — The Chinese Consumer Market (2009) — https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-1-84334-332-5.50001-2 open ↗
• Virtuous Life, Honored Afterlife and the Evolution of Confucianism — https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol10/iss1/7/ open ↗
• Teaching the Dao: monotheism, transcendence, and intercultural philosophy — International Communication of Chinese Culture (2021) — https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40636-021-00225-1 open ↗
• BBC – Religion: Taoism — https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/taoism/ open ↗
• Daoist Canon — Oxford Bibliographies in Chinese Studies (2018) — https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780199920082-0164 open ↗
• Jordan: The Taoist Canon — http://weber.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/chin/hbcanondaw-u.html open ↗
• 10.1353/Tao.2013.0003 — https://doi.org/10.1353%2FTao.2013.0003 open ↗
• Huainanzi: The Pinnacle of Classical Daoist Syncretism — Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy (2014) — https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-90-481-2927-0_15 open ↗
• Windows on Asia — http://www.asia.msu.edu/eastasia/China/religion.html open ↗
• Daoism and medicine 1 — Routledge Handbook of Chinese Medicine (2022) — https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203740262-32 open ↗
• Making Sense of World History (2020) — https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003013518 open ↗
• Gods and spirits — https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/taoism/beliefs/gods.shtml open ↗
• Whence the Pronunciation of Taoism? — Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America (1990) — https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fdic.1990.0004 open ↗
• Religion in China in the Twenty-first Century: Some Scenarios — Religion, State and Society (2005) — https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09637490500118570 open ↗
• Religion and Society. A Summary of French Studies on Chinese Religion — http://www.academia.edu/6919287/2014_Religion_and_Society._A_Summary_of_French_Studies_on_Chinese_Religion open ↗
• Religion and Society — Review of Religion and Chinese Society (2014) — https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22143955-04102008 open ↗
• https://doi.org/10.1007/s40636-021-00225-1 — https://doi.org/10.1007/s40636-021-00225-1 open ↗
• Taoist philosophy — https://iep.utm.edu/Taoism open ↗
• Collection: "Daoism/Taoism — https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/23944 open ↗
• What Is Taoism? And Other Studies in Chinese Cultural History. — https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2757965 open ↗
• What Is Taoism? And Other Studies in Chinese Cultural History — Pacific Affairs (1978) — https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2757965 open ↗
• https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/neo-daoism/ — https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/neo-daoism/ open ↗
• http://www.iep.utm.edu/ — http://www.iep.utm.edu/ open ↗
• O Cânon Taoista — http://weber.ucsd.edu/dkjordan~queixo/Jordan-hbcanondawu.html open ↗
• Encyclopédie philosophique de Stanford-Taoïsme — http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/taoism/ open ↗
• Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy — https://www.iep.utm.edu/daoism/ open ↗
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/daoism/ open ↗
• Grove Art Online — https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T021382 open ↗
• Das Tao der Politik — https://taz.de/Das-Tao-der-Politik/!1730534/ open ↗
• Daoist Philosophy. — http://www.iep.utm.edu/d/daoism.htm open ↗
• Britannica (онлайн) — https://www.britannica.com/topic/Daoism open ↗

We cite sources by name and outlet rather than fabricating links. Where a source includes its own URL, the open ↗ link opens it directly; otherwise search ↗ runs a Google Scholar query for the cited title — useful for verifying academic sources. For news outlets, search the outlet's own archive.

Change history

Substantive edits logged per the score-updates policy.

1. 2026-05-29Phase 1 Batch J: per-group recovery resources applied via programmatic palette (closest-fit by category + subCategory + score). Palette: Mainstream-comparator lighter.
2. 2026-05-20Source-density flags derived from existing free-text sources[]: academic sources. Heuristic auto-flag; subsequent editorial pass will populate structuredSources[] with reliability tiers.
3. 2026-05-20Score band scheme migrated from 4 bands to 5 (Minimal 0–5 / Low 6–12 / Moderate 13–20 / High 21–30 / Extreme 31–40). No CLCI value changed; the new Minimal band was carved out of the bottom of the previous Low band.

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