Various Indonesian high-control Islamic groups (umbrella)
Umbrella entry for documented high-control Indonesian Islamic groups beyond mainstream Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah.
CLCI radar
BITE breakdown
0 — umbrella for documented high-control Indonesian Islamic groups beyond mainstream NU / Muhammadiyah.
Profile facts
In context
Indonesia has produced multiple high-control Islamic sub-groups — Islamic Defenders Front (FPI, banned 2020), Jemaah Islamiyah adjacent, various smaller Salafi sub-currents. Mainstream Indonesian Islam (NU, Muhammadiyah) is low-control.
Recovery resources
- ICSA (International Cultic Studies Association) — General referral and cult-aware therapist directory.
- INFORM (Information Network on Religious Movements) — LSE-founded UK research-based information service covering new religious movements.
- Reclamation Collective — Religious-trauma-aware therapist network; relevant for post-exit identity-rebuilding.
- Religious Trauma Institute — Religious-trauma clinical research and clinician directory.
- Freedom of Mind Resource Center — Steven Hassan's organisation; BITE-model resources and family-side exit guidance.
See the full curated list at /resources.
Evidence by BITE axis
- FPI banned 2020
- Various linked terrorist organisations
Timeline
- 1998+Post-Reformasi Indonesian Islamist group proliferation
Evidence matrix
Structured sources cross-linked to the claims they document. Tiered per the source hierarchy. For free-text citations see the Sources section below.
Sources
- Various Indonesian press and academic coverage search ↗
- Larangan penjualan gas elpiji 3kg secara eceran 'matikan pengusaha kecil dan susahkan konsumen — https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c23nzyjz8mko open ↗
- Prabowo sebut 'ndasmu' terhadap pengritiknya – 'Kritik terbuka seolah-olah musuh — https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cy0p075wxpwo open ↗
- PBB: Pajak naik drastis, aksi protes merembet ke sejumlah daerah — https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cjr10j5j70qo open ↗
- Indonesia suspends TikTok's licence over refusal to share protest data — https://www.ft.com/content/fa60152f-fc90-4cb0-a203-a8e7c3d96185 open ↗
- TikTok gets its Indonesian operating license back after giving government data from protests — https://apnews.com/article/indonesia-suspends-tiktok-license-protests-prabowo-data-01255b95de06f007ef3cec1a0d3bd850 open ↗
- Students in anti-Prabowo protests say Indonesia 'heading' for bankruptcy — https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/students-hold-heading-bankrupt-indonesia-protests-against-prabowos-policies-2026-06-12/ open ↗
- Indonesian students protest government policies as economic pressures grow — https://apnews.com/article/indonesia-students-protest-economic-pressures-fc758948bc547075d62bcf80d8a7e827 open ↗
- Demo mahasiswa berlanjut di Jakarta, Bandung, dan kota-kota lain — https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c7vyzd847pro open ↗
- Sukatani: Mengapa lagu band punk Sukatani 'Bayar Bayar Bayar' jadi lagu tema aksi 'Indonesia Gelap'? — https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cwyevz4yyn1o open ↗
- Undang-undang TNI: DPR sahkan Revisi UU TNI, mahasiswa gelar demonstrasi di berbagai kota – 'Demokrasi telah dibunuh di DPR — https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c0mwy89rggko open ↗
- Protesters set fire to Indonesian parliament buildings in several provinces — https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/protesters-set-fire-indonesian-parliament-buildings-several-provinces-2025-08-30/ open ↗
- Fire kills three people in Indonesia after protesters torch council buildings — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/aug/30/fire-kills-three-people-in-indonesia-after-protesters-storm-council-buildings-in-the-wake-of-taxi-drivers-death open ↗
- Pemerintah pusat lepas tanggung jawab, pemda terjepit' – Mengapa gerakan warga disebut satu-satunya cara batalkan kenaikan pajak? — https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c78zxzn2v4vo open ↗
- Demo 'Indonesia Gelap' berlangsung di Makassar dan kota lainnya – Apa reaksi Prabowo? — https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/ckg8n1xn3jgo open ↗
- MBG: Demo pelajar terus berlanjut di Papua – 'Kami menolak makan bergizi gratis — https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c5yr76ynp0do open ↗
- Demo mahasiswa 'Indonesia Gelap' di berbagai daerah bikin 'legitimasi pemerintahan Prabowo oleng — https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cgr2yy8ldy4o open ↗
- Media groups sound alarm after Indonesian magazine is sent mutilated animal carcasses — https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/media-groups-sound-alarm-after-indonesian-magazine-is-sent-mutilated-animal-2025-03-24/ open ↗
- Indonesian stocks tumble 4% on concerns over economy — https://www.ft.com/content/aae80518-0e3b-4d79-a2a3-339dfa162478?utm_source=chatgpt.com open ↗
- Macroeconomics Post-GFC — Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia (2019) — https://doi.org/10.52813%2Fjei.v8i1.14 open ↗
- Indonesia takes currency, market measures after rupiah and shares fall — https://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/indonesia-takes-currency-stock-market-measures-after-rupiah-index-fall-2025-03-19/?utm_source=chatgpt.com open ↗
- Indonésie : une ONG dénonce la disparition de vingt personnes après les manifestations violemment réprimées qui ont déjà fait six morts — https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/09/02/indonesie-une-ong-denonce-la-disparition-de-20-personnes-apres-les-manifestations-violemment-reprimees-qui-ont-deja-fait-six-morts_6638070_3211.html open ↗
- En Indonésie, la colère contre le gouvernement prend de l’ampleur — https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/09/02/en-indonesie-la-colere-contre-le-gouvernement-prend-de-l-ampleur_6638448_3210.html open ↗
- ‘Most deadly 100 days’: Indonesia’s Prabowo faces major student protests against costly policies — https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3299353/most-deadly-100-days-indonesias-prabowo-faces-major-student-protests-against-costly-policies open ↗
- Indonesia's deadly protests paused but deep resentment remains. Here's what to know — https://www.cnn.com/2025/09/01/asia/indonesia-protests-explainer-intl-hnk open ↗
- Protests erupt in Indonesia over privileges for parliament members and 'corrupt elites — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/aug/26/indonesia-protests-austerity-parliament-member-privileges open ↗
- Indonesian leader pledges to revoke lawmakers' perks after protests leave 6 dead — https://apnews.com/article/indonesia-protests-subianto-privileges-32d253883d107fcfe7f17752bc46b7d9 open ↗
- Tensions soar across Indonesia as protests against police erupt in multiple cities — https://apnews.com/article/indonesia-students-protests-2b4ad65b836a3b38b6a037b2f45cb309 open ↗
- Gaji dan tunjangan anggota DPR lebih Rp100 juta per bulan – 'Tidak patut saat masyarakat kesulitan ekonomi — https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cqle4p2gdnzo open ↗
- Students Call for More Protests in Indonesia After Deadly Clash With Police — https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/29/world/asia/indonesia-protests-inflation.html open ↗
We cite sources by name and outlet rather than fabricating links. Where a source includes its own URL, the open ↗ link opens it directly; otherwise search ↗runs a Google Scholar query for the cited title — useful for verifying academic sources. For news outlets, search the outlet's own archive.
Change history
Substantive edits logged per the score-updates policy.
- 2026-05-29Phase 1 Batch J corrective: Moderate-band (CLCI 20) entry upgraded from Mainstream-comparator lighter palette to NRM high-control palette — Batch J's clci<21 fallthrough was too lean for the documented control vector of this category.
- 2026-05-29Phase 1 Batch J: per-group recovery resources applied via programmatic palette (closest-fit by category + subCategory + score). Palette: Mainstream-comparator lighter.
- 2026-05-20Source-density flags derived from existing free-text sources[]: academic sources. Heuristic auto-flag; subsequent editorial pass will populate structuredSources[] with reliability tiers.
- 2026-05-20Score band scheme migrated from 4 bands to 5 (Minimal 0–5 / Low 6–12 / Moderate 13–20 / High 21–30 / Extreme 31–40). No CLCI value changed; the new Minimal band was carved out of the bottom of the previous Low band.
Relevant hubs
Curated entry points on CLCI Hub for situations connected to this group.
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Frequently asked questions
Q.Is Various Indonesian high-control Islamic groups a cult?
CLCI Hub deliberately avoids the binary label "cult." Instead it places groups on a transparent 0–40 spectrum of documented control using Steven Hassan's BITE model (Behaviour, Information, Thought, Emotional). Various Indonesian high-control Islamic groups scores 20 out of 40 — "Moderate Control", at low confidence. The score describes documented control patterns, not a judgement of members' sincerity or beliefs; many members do not personally experience the patterns listed.
Q.What is Various Indonesian high-control Islamic groups's CLCI score?
Various Indonesian high-control Islamic groups scores 20 out of 40 on the Cult-Like Control Index, which falls in the "Moderate" band. That total is the sum of four BITE axes — Behaviour 5, Information 5, Thought 5, Emotional 5 — plus a signed modifier of +0 for aggravating or mitigating factors.
Q.Why does Various Indonesian high-control Islamic groups score 20 on the CLCI?
The score reflects publicly documented patterns including: FPI banned 2020; Various linked terrorist organisations. These map onto the BITE axes of behaviour, information, thought, and emotional control, and a signed modifier of +0 is applied for factors such as financial demands, leadership accountability, and exit costs. Every claim is backed by the citations in the Sources section on this page.
Q.How reliable is the Various Indonesian high-control Islamic groups rating?
This profile is rated Low confidence. Low confidence means the available evidence is fragmented or largely anecdotal, so the score may change as more documentation emerges. CLCI scores are not fixed — they are revised whenever new public evidence appears, and groups that reform can score lower over time.
Q.Where can I get help regarding Various Indonesian high-control Islamic groups?
If you or someone you care about is affected by Various Indonesian high-control Islamic groups, start with the Recovery resources listed on this page. General cult-aware support is available from the International Cultic Studies Association (icsahome.com) and the Freedom of Mind Resource Center (freedomofmind.com). CLCI Hub is an educational resource, not a crisis service — if anyone is in immediate danger, contact local emergency services.
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