Indonesia

5 profiled groups with documented operations in Indonesia — 0 Extreme-band, 1 High-band, 4 Moderate or below. Presence here describes documented operations, not a judgement about Indonesia or its communities; many listed groups also operate elsewhere.

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Islam

Hizb ut-Tahrir

Transnational political-Islamist organisation founded by Taqiuddin al-Nabhani (1953) seeking the establishment of a global Islamic caliphate. Banned in numerous countries including UK (2024), Germany, Russia, and many Muslim-majority states.

Islam

Various Indonesian high-control Islamic groups (umbrella)

Umbrella entry for documented high-control Indonesian Islamic groups beyond mainstream Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah.

Other

Subud (Susila Budhi Dharma)

Indonesian-derived spiritual movement founded by Muhammad Subuh ('Pak Subuh', 1947). Distinctive 'latihan' practice — group spontaneous spiritual exercise. Low-moderate control with strong family-cultural integration.

New Religious Movement

Gafatar (Gerakan Fajar Nusantara) / Millah Abraham

Gerakan Fajar Nusantara (Gafatar) was an Indonesian social organisation founded in 2012, built on founder Ahmad Musadeq's syncretic 'Millah Abraham' theology drawing on Islamic, Christian and Jewish tradition. Musadeq had earlier been convicted of blasphemy (2008) over a prophetic claim made through his prior movement, al-Qiyadah al-Islamiyah. From 2015, groups of Gafatar members relocated to agrarian farming settlements in Kalimantan. In January-February 2016, following a national media frenzy, mobs looted and burned Gafatar settlements while security forces largely did not intervene; more than 7,000 members were forcibly evacuated and, per Human Rights Watch, subjected to arbitrary detention and coercive re-education. Indonesia's Ulema Council declared Gafatar's teaching deviant. On 7 March 2017 an East Jakarta court acquitted Musadeq and co-defendants of treason but convicted them of blasphemy. This entry treats the persecution record as external, on the model already established in this catalogue for the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.

Islam

Mainstream Sunni Islam

Mainstream Sunni Islam — the largest religious tradition on earth — is a low-CLCI reference point. Daily practice (five prayers, fasting in Ramadan, etc.) is voluntary in most jurisdictions and theological diversity is wide.

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Complete list of 5 group profiles