Russia

6 profiled groups with documented operations in Russia — 0 Extreme-band, 3 High-band, 3 Moderate or below. Presence here describes documented operations, not a judgement about Russia or its communities; many listed groups also operate elsewhere.

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New Religious Movement

Post-Soviet Russian and Eastern European NRMs (umbrella)

Umbrella entry covering a documented pattern of high-control new religious movements that emerged in the post-Soviet space following the 1991 collapse of the USSR — concentrated in Russia, Ukraine, and adjacent former Soviet states, and documented in Russian and international academic work on post-Soviet religious revival, in sustained Russian and Ukrainian press, and in multiple national regulatory and criminal proceedings against named figures. Several specific named movements within this pattern are profiled separately in the catalogue. This umbrella covers the pattern at the genre level; it does NOT generalise to the broader diversity of post-Soviet religious revival.

Political / Ideological

Wagner Group / Africa Corps (Russian PMC, post-2023)

Russian private military company founded by Yevgeny Prigozhin (2014). Documented mass civilian casualties. Prigozhin killed in 2023 plane crash following his June 2023 mutiny; rebranded as Africa Corps under Russian state control.

Political / Ideological

Russian Imperial Movement

Russian white-supremacist paramilitary organisation. Designated Specially Designated Global Terrorist by the US State Department in 2020. Trains foreign neo-Nazis at Partizan camp.

Christian

Russian Old Believers — Bezpopovtsy (priestless)

Priestless wing of the Russian Old Believer schism that rejected the 1652–66 Nikonian liturgical reforms. Concentrated in remote Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania (Lipovans), Alaska, and Oregon. Subsumes the Pomortsy, Fedoseyans, Filippovtsy and others.

Christian

Russian Old Believers (Starovery)

Russian Orthodox Christians who rejected the 1666 Nikonian liturgical reforms. Several million globally, primarily in Russia and diaspora. Mostly low-control with strong tradition of distinctive practice.

Christian

Russian Orthodox Church — Moscow Patriarchate

Mainstream Eastern Orthodox church; largest single Orthodox church globally. Substantial post-2022 entanglement with Russian state support for invasion of Ukraine.

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Complete list of 6 group profiles

Complete list of 6 group profiles