Educational tool only. All groups exist on a spectrum of control. Individual experiences vary. Based on publicly available reports, ex-member accounts, court records, and expert analyses — not medical or legal advice.
5 group profiles for organisations whose documented founding falls in the 1860s. Sorted by CLCI score, descending.
Christian denomination founded in the 1860s with Saturday Sabbath observance, distinctive health/dietary teachings, and a continuing-revelation tradition through Ellen G. White. Internally diverse — large mainstream wing alongside more controlling local fellowships.
Deobandi Islam, originating from the Darul Uloom Deoband seminary (1866), is a vast Sunni revivalist tradition. Mainstream Deobandi practice is conservative but non-coercive; specific high-control sub-currents (some Pakistani madrasas, certain UK seminaries) earn this rating.
Distinct Christian denomination with living apostles (Catholic Apostolic Church offshoot, 1863). Substantial African and European following.
Founded by Bahá'u'lláh (1863), the Bahá'í Faith is a global religion teaching unity of religions and humanity. Administered through elected institutions (Local and National Spiritual Assemblies, the Universal House of Justice). Forbids partisan politics, alcohol, premarital sex, and homosexual practice.
Historical 1860s split from the larger Babi/Bahá'í community following Subh-i-Azal's claim. Very small surviving community in Iran and Cyprus.