Native American Indigenous spiritualities (umbrella)
Umbrella entry for the diverse Native American Indigenous spiritualities across 500+ federally recognised tribes plus many more unrecognised.
CLCI radar
BITE breakdown
0 — diverse Native American Indigenous spiritualities; mainstream low-control reference.
Profile facts
In context
Native American Indigenous spiritualities vary by nation across hundreds of distinct traditions. Common features include sacred-site relationship, ceremonial-elder traditions, sweat-lodge practice. Mainstream voluntary traditions.
Recovery resources
- ICSA (International Cultic Studies Association) — General referral and cult-aware therapist directory.
- INFORM (Information Network on Religious Movements) — LSE-founded UK research-based information service covering new religious movements.
- Freedom of Mind Resource Center — Steven Hassan's organisation; BITE-model resources and family-side exit guidance.
See the full curated list at /resources.
Evidence by BITE axis
- Some non-Native 'Native American' offshoot communities exhibit cultural appropriation and high-control patterns
- mainstream low-control reference
Timeline
- AncientContinuous traditions
Evidence matrix
Structured sources cross-linked to the claims they document. Tiered per the source hierarchy. For free-text citations see the Sources section below.
Sources
- Various Indigenous Studies academic work search ↗
- The Native American Church, Peyote, and Health: Expanding Consciousness for Healing Purposes — Contemporary Justice Review (2007) — https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10282580701677477 open ↗
- Native American Church: The Half-Moon Way — https://www.jstor.org/stable/1409324 open ↗
- Native American Church: The Half-Moon Way — Wicazo Sa Review (1991) — https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1409324 open ↗
- Texas Peyote Culture — Cactus and Succulent Journal (2018) — https://doi.org/10.2985%2F015.090.0104 open ↗
- Psychedelics, the Law and Politics - UC Berkeley BCSP — https://psychedelics.berkeley.edu/law/ open ↗
- What is the Native American Church and why is peyote sacred to members? — https://apnews.com/article/native-americans-peyote-spirituality-religion-762bb0d2957e9e501c0c167b23752ce1 open ↗
- Recreational drugs and its impact on music literature and art — https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13102818.2008.10817530 open ↗
- Recreational Drugs and its Impact on Music Literature and Art — Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment (2008) — https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13102818.2008.10817530 open ↗
- The Cactus and the Anthropologist: The Evolution of Cultural Expertise on the Entheogenic Use of Peyote in the United States — https://doi.org/10.3390%2Flaws8020012 open ↗
- Christ and the Cactus: A Study of Peyotism among the Canadian Sioux — http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/jms089/Z-Unpublished%20Work/Shields-Christ%20%26%20Cactus.pdf open ↗
- Native American Church — https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/405965/Native-American-Church open ↗
- World Religions & Spirituality - Native American Church — http://www.wrs.vcu.edu/profiles/NativeAmericanChurch.htm open ↗
- University of Virginia Library — http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/nachurch.htm open ↗
- Native American Church — http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.rel.036 open ↗
- The Native American Church, Peyote, and Health: Expanding Consciousness for Healing Purposes — http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10282580701677477 open ↗
- The Native American Church, Peyote, and Health: Expanding Consciousness for Healing Purposes — Contemporary Justice Review (2007) — https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F10282580701677477 open ↗
- Native American Church. — https://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.rel.036.html open ↗
- Stichwort: Native American Church — http://www.britannica.com/topic/Native-American-Church open ↗
- PMID 14761703 — https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14761703?dopt=Abstract open ↗
- National Institute on Drug Abuse: _InfoFacts: Hallucinogens – LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP. — http://www.drugabuse.gov/infofacts/hallucinogens.html open ↗
- http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/jms089/Z-Unpublished%20Work/Shields-Christ%20&%20Cactus.pdf — http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/jms089/Z-Unpublished%20Work/Shields-Christ%20&%20Cactus.pdf open ↗
We cite sources by name and outlet rather than fabricating links. Where a source includes its own URL, the open ↗ link opens it directly; otherwise search ↗ runs a Google Scholar query for the cited title — useful for verifying academic sources. For news outlets, search the outlet's own archive.
Change history
Substantive edits logged per the score-updates policy.
- 2026-05-29Phase 1 Batch J: per-group recovery resources applied via programmatic palette (closest-fit by category + subCategory + score). Palette: Mainstream-comparator lighter.
- 2026-05-20Source-density flags derived from existing free-text sources[]: academic sources. Heuristic auto-flag; subsequent editorial pass will populate structuredSources[] with reliability tiers.
- 2026-05-20Score band scheme migrated from 4 bands to 5 (Minimal 0–5 / Low 6–12 / Moderate 13–20 / High 21–30 / Extreme 31–40). No CLCI value changed; the new Minimal band was carved out of the bottom of the previous Low band.
Relevant hubs
Curated entry points on CLCI Hub for situations connected to this group.
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