Mainstream civic nonprofit volunteering (low-control reference)

Timeline

1. 1905
   Rotary International founded as the prototype of mainstream civic-service clubs

Evidence matrix

Structured sources cross-linked to the claims they document. Tiered per the source hierarchy. For free-text citations see the Sources section below.

Sources

• Robert D. Putnam, 'Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community' (Simon & Schuster, 2000) — comparative civic-engagement reference search ↗
• Burning Man 2014 Special Recreation Permit Stipulations — https://eplanning.blm.gov/epl-front-office/projects/nepa/39776/49115/53424/CD_Signed_BRC_2014_Stips_(1 open ↗
• Burning Man 2015 Special Recreation Permit Stipulations — https://eplanning.blm.gov/epl-front-office/projects/nepa/50640/61388/66630/DOI-BLM-NV-W03500-2015-0020-Stips.pdf open ↗
• Burning Man 2016 Special Recreation Permit Stipulations — https://eplanning.blm.gov/epl-front-office/projects/nepa/64350/77938/87250/Burning_Man_SRP_2016_Stipulations_esign.pdf open ↗
• Burning Man 2017 Special Recreation Permit Stipulations — https://eplanning.blm.gov//epl-front-office/projects/nepa/85572/115029/140474/20170729_SRP_BRC_2017_Stips_Signed_Decision_Letter_Attachment.pdf open ↗
• 2018 DNA for Burning Man — https://eplanning.blm.gov/epl-front-office/projects/nepa/111722/152727/186997/2018_Burning_Man_DNA.pdf open ↗
• Record Of Decision And Special Recreation Permit, Burning Man Special Recreation Permit Renewal Final Environmental Impact Statement — https://eplanning.blm.gov/epl-front-office/projects/nepa/93518/176996/215688/ROD_BurningManSRP_20190716_508.pdf open ↗
• Burning Man 2025 Special Recreation Permit Additional Stipulations — https://eplanning.blm.gov/public_projects/2039663/200659321/20139666/251039646/2025%20Burning%20Man%20Permit_signed_20250723.pdf open ↗
• BRC Burning Man 2012–2016 Environmental Assessment — https://eplanning.blm.gov/public_projects/nepa/33302/39259/41166/Burning_Man_DOI-BLM-NV-W030-2012-0007-Final_EA.pdf open ↗
• Burning Man Event Special Recreation Permit Environmental Impact Statement, Volume 1, 2019 — https://eplanning.blm.gov/public_projects/nepa/93518/175007/212561/Burning_Man_Event_SRP-Final_EIS_Vol1.pdf open ↗
• Burning Man Post-Event Inspection, 2009 — https://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/nv/field_offices/winnemucca_field_office/nca_pdfs.Par.97441.File.dat/2009_Burning_Man_Inspection_Memo.pdf open ↗
• Bureau of Land Management — http://www.nv.blm.gov/Winnemucca/NEPA/burningman/burningman.htm open ↗
• QuickFacts Nevada; United States — https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/NV open ↗
• Federal Clampdown on Burning Man Imperils Festival's Free Spirit Ethos, Say Burners — https://www.npr.org/2019/07/14/737708644/federal-clampdown-on-burning-man-imperils-festivals-free-spirit-ethos-say-burner open ↗
• Burning Man Festival in Alternative Interpretive Analysis — https://www.academia.edu/366960 open ↗
• Burning Man Festival: One Man Dead, Another in Critical Condition — https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/burning-man-fest-one-dead-another-in-critical-condition-w501178 open ↗
• Burning Man eyewitness describes horrific festival death — http://www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/hack/burning-man-eyewitness-describes-horrific-festival-death/8870960 open ↗
• A 1,000-person gathering to celebrate Burning Man culture put people's lives at risk, San Francisco mayor says. — https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/07/us/burning-man-celebration-labor-day/index.html open ↗
• Burning Man festival-goers told to conserve food and water — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66697806 open ↗
• Live updates: Thousands stranded at Burning Man as death under investigation — https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/burning-man-2023-nevada-trapped-b2404066.html open ↗
• Death of female participant at Burning Man 2024 under investigation — https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/death-female-participant-burning-man-2024-investigation-rcna168169 open ↗
• Woman dies on first day of Burning Man festival, prompting police investigation — https://www.cbsnews.com/news/burning-man-death-investigation-2024/ open ↗
• Burning Man tickets remain unsold for the first time in 13 years — https://www.usatoday.com/videos/entertainment/2024/08/26/burning-man-tickets-remain-unsold-first-time-13-years/74873139007/ open ↗
• Dust storms, heat, thunder: Burning Man attendees face wild weather — https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/dust-storms-heat-thunder-burning-man-attendees-face-wild-weather-rcna226971 open ↗
• Burning Man chaos: A homicide investigation, a baby delivery and a massive dust storm — https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/burning-man-2025-murder-investigation-baby-delivery-massive-dust-storm-rcna228513 open ↗
• The Burning Man Orgy Dome: welcome to the latest festival disaster — https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/aug/27/the-burning-man-orgy-dome-welcome-to-the-latest-festival-disaster open ↗
• Sheriff faces "difficult" investigation after man found dead in pool of blood at Burning Man — https://www.salon.com/2025/09/02/sheriff-faces-difficult-investigation-after-man-found-dead-in-pool-of-blood-at-burning-man/ open ↗
• Man From Russia Identified as Festival-Goer Found Dead at Burning Man — https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/03/us/burning-man-festival-death-russia.html open ↗
• Death and Ecstasy, The Rise and Fall of Burning Man's Original Rave Ghetto Thump — https://www.vice.com/en/article/death-and-ecstasy-the-rise-and-fall-of-burning-mans-original-rave-ghetto/ open ↗
• Desert Music: Burning Man Confronts The Rising Beat — https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2015/09/02/436697747/desert-music-burning-man-confronts-the-rising-beat open ↗
• Greetings from Burning Man! — https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.11/burningman.html open ↗
• Woman dies when run over by 'art car — http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/West/08/31/burning.man.death.ap/index.html open ↗
• A Fiery Q&A With the Prankster Accused of Burning the Man — http://archive.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2007/08/addis open ↗
• Burning Man gate shut as surprise rain soaks desert — https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/08/25/burning-man-closed-rain-la-playa-nyd/14592077/ open ↗
• Man dies at Burning Man arts and music festival after running into flames — https://www.cbsnews.com/news/burning-man-festival-death-fatality-man-runs-into-flames-black-rock-desert/ open ↗
• Burning Man resolves population issue, re-admitting event-goers after overselling event — https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2018/09/01/burning-man-resolves-population-issue-after-overselling-event/1175026002/ open ↗
• Renegade Burning Man festival draws thousands to Nevada desert, including Paris Hilton — https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2021/sep/08/renegade-burning-man-festival-nevada-paris-hilton open ↗
• Burning Man Cancels 2020 Festival Due to Coronavirus — https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/burning-man-cancels-2020-festival-coronavirus-982261/ open ↗
• Burning Man festival cancels in-person event again because of Covid-19 — https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/27/entertainment/burning-man-canceled/index.html open ↗
• Death under investigation at Burning Man as flooding strands thousands at Nevada festival site — https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/entrance-burning-man-nevada-closed-due-flooding-festivalgoers-102887026 open ↗
• Burning Man makes unprecedented move weeks before the event — https://www.sfgate.com/travel/burningman/article/burning-man-unprecedented-move-2024-19623981.php open ↗
• A woman died on Burning Man's opening day. The cause is under investigation — https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-08-26/woman-dies-on-opening-day-of-burning-man open ↗
• Burning Man tickets haven't sold out for the first time since 2011. Here's why — https://www.cbsnews.com/news/burning-man-2024-tickets-available-not-sold-out-weather/ open ↗
• Burning Man: Recession Proof?" SF Gate — http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/dollarsandsense/detail?entry_id=70726 open ↗
• ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer-California: Temple Builders Guild — https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/844649120 open ↗
• No Spectators: The Art of Burning Man — https://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/burning-man open ↗
• Luxury camp at Burning Man festival targeted by 'hooligans — https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2016/sep/05/luxury-camp-at-burning-man-festival-targeted-by-hooligans open ↗
• Burning Man latest foe of 'green energy' project in Nevada — https://apnews.com/article/politics-legal-proceedings-lawsuits-renewable-energy-nevada-eb0fb78af730bc2264c990d343849248 open ↗
• Burning Man Becomes Latest Adversary in Geothermal Feud — https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/17/business/burning-man-geothermal-plant-nevada.html open ↗
• Burning Man cheers county's overturning geothermal permit — https://apnews.com/article/burning-man-geothermal-energy-nevada-desert-lawsuit-9ae2e19d8c16467286b67c439026ed71 open ↗
• Crude Awakening Arises at Burning Man — http://blog.wired.com/underwire/2007/08/crude-awakening.html open ↗
• A Line Is Drawn in the Desert — https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/21/fashion/at-burning-man-the-tech-elite-one-up-one-another.html open ↗
• Burning Man becomes a hot spot for tech titans — http://www.sfgate.com/style/article/Burning-Man-becomes-a-hot-spot-for-tech-titans-4756482.php open ↗
• Why the rich love Burning Man — http://www.salon.com/2015/08/27/why_the_rich_love_burning_man_partner/ open ↗
• Google employees order 10-pound box of live lobsters for Burning Man meal — https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Burning-Man-Google-tent-lobster-dinner-12164711.php open ↗
• Revolution against 'rich parasites' at utopian Burning Man Festival as 'hooligans' attack luxury camp — https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/04/revolution-against-rich-parasites-at-utopian-burning-man-festiva/ open ↗
• Burning Man Camp Attacked by Vandals Over Outrage at 'Parasite Class — https://time.com/4479210/burning-man-camp-white-ocean/ open ↗
• Burning Man tickets just got even more expensive thanks to new Nevada tax — https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2016/feb/09/burning-man-festival-ticket-prices-state-tax-black-rock-desert open ↗
• Burning Man founder: 'Black folks don't like to camp as much as white folks — https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/sep/04/burning-man-founder-larry-harvey-race-diversity-silicon-valley open ↗
• Artistic Prosumption: Cocreative Destruction at Burning Man — https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764211429362 open ↗
• Burning Man page — http://www.sfgate.com/burningman/ open ↗
• Fotos: 22 escenarios para soñar con un gran viaje — https://elviajero.elpais.com/elviajero/2019/01/03/album/1546508156_130718.html open ↗
• Photos du Burning Man 2015 — https://www.liberation.fr/voyages/2015/08/26/burning-man-de-nouveau-pret-a-mettre-le-feu_1084385 open ↗
• La folie du Burning Man — https://www.rfi.fr/fr/emission/20160202-etats-unis-festival-burning-man-succes-experiences open ↗
• Burning Man receives a five year permit — http://www.nv.blm.gov/news_releases/Press_Releases/fy06_releases/nr_wfo_33.htm open ↗
• Federal Register Volume 67, Number 139 (Friday, July 19, 2002) — https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2002-07-19/html/02-17975.htm open ↗
• Larry Harvey, the Man Behind Burning Man, Is Dead at 70 — https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/28/obituaries/larry-harvey-burning-man-festival-dead-at-70.html open ↗
• Burning Man attendees roadblocked by climate activists: ‘They have a privileged mindset’ — https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/aug/28/burning-man-protest-climate-change-environment open ↗
• Death investigated at Burning Man while 70,000 festival attendees remain stuck in Nevada desert after rain — https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/03/us/burning-man-storms-shelter-sunday/index.html open ↗
• Flaming out? Burning Man festival fails to sell out for first time in a decade — https://www.theguardian.com/culture/article/2024/aug/14/burning-man-ticket-sales?utm_source=chatgpt.com open ↗
• lire en ligne — http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/West/08/31/burning.man.death.ap/index.html%202008 open ↗
• Inspiration galactique: l'architecte derrière le temple sinueux de Burning Man en 2018 — https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/burning-man-arthur-mamou-mani/index.html open ↗
• Temperatures up to 105 expected at Burning Man as Black Rock Desert becomes an oven — https://www.sfgate.com/travel/article/burning-man-weather-forecast-17413472.php open ↗
• Special Recreation Permit Stipulations Burning Man 2006–2010 — http://www.blm.gov/style/medialib/blm/nv/field_offices/winnemucca_field_office/nepa/recreation/0.Par.42431.File.dat/Stips%202006.pdf open ↗
• Burning Man 2011 Special Recreation Permit Stipulations — http://www.blm.gov/style/medialib/blm/nv/field_offices/winnemucca_field_office/nepa/recreation/0.Par.49008.File.dat/2011%20SRP%20Stips.pdf open ↗
• BURNING MAN AT 20/ Campy themes/ There are at least 477 very strange sites in Black Rock City — http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/08/31/BAGD0EFM9G1.DTL open ↗
• The Holocaust Exhibit Featuring Barbie Dolls at Burning Man Draws Criticism — https://time.com/5670842/barbie-auschwitz-burning-man-controversy/ open ↗
• Burning Man: Revellers begin to leave as boggy conditions improve. — https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66704749 open ↗
• Q-Tips in der Donnerkuppel — https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/0,1518,155802,00.html open ↗
• Nackte Feuerteufel — https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/0,1518,264143,00.html open ↗
• “Burning Man participant found dead at festival, homicide investigation underway: Sheriff” — https://abcnews.go.com/US/burning-man-participant-found-dead-festival-homicide-investigation/story?id=125153597 open ↗
• “Sheriffs seek to identify man found dead ‘in pool of blood’ at Burning Man festival” — https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/sep/01/burning-man-festival-homicide-investigation open ↗
• “Man found dead at Burning Man identified as Russian who ‘poured his soul’ into camp” — https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/sep/03/burning-man-festival-murder-victim open ↗
• Burning Man festival cancels in-person event again because of Covid-19 — https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/27/entertainment/burning-man-canceled/index.html open ↗
• Britannica (онлайн) — https://www.britannica.com/art/Burning-Man open ↗

We cite sources by name and outlet rather than fabricating links. Where a source includes its own URL, the open ↗ link opens it directly; otherwise search ↗runs a Google Scholar query for the cited title — useful for verifying academic sources. For news outlets, search the outlet's own archive.

Change history

Substantive edits logged per the score-updates policy.

1. 2026-05-29Phase 1 Batch J: per-group recovery resources applied via programmatic palette (closest-fit by category + subCategory + score). Palette: Mainstream-comparator lighter.
2. 2026-05-20Score band scheme migrated from 4 bands to 5 (Minimal 0–5 / Low 6–12 / Moderate 13–20 / High 21–30 / Extreme 31–40). No CLCI value changed; the new Minimal band was carved out of the bottom of the previous Low band.

Relevant hubs

Curated entry points on CLCI Hub for situations connected to this group.

• Start here
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