Christian
Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
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Major Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola (1540). Distinctive Spiritual Exercises and education focus. Voluntary lifelong vows.
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Low Control
BITE breakdown
Behavior Control3/10
Information Control2/10
Thought Control2/10
Emotional Control3/10
Modifiers (+0)
0 — major Catholic religious order; voluntary lifelong vows; substantial discipline.
Profile facts
Founded
1540
Members
13,768 (2025)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuits#cite_note-www.catholic-hierarchy.org-1) (per Wikipedia infobox, retrieved 2026)
Active in
Global
In context
The Society of Jesus operates 800+ universities and high schools globally. Distinctive Spiritual Exercises retreats. Discipline through vows of poverty, chastity, obedience plus the fourth vow of papal mission.
Recovery resources
- ICSA (International Cultic Studies Association) — General referral and cult-aware therapist directory.
- INFORM (Information Network on Religious Movements) — LSE-founded UK research-based information service covering new religious movements.
- Freedom of Mind Resource Center — Steven Hassan's organisation; BITE-model resources and family-side exit guidance.
See the full curated list at /resources.
Evidence by BITE axis
Behavior Control
- Lifelong vows of obedience to superiors
- substantial discipline
Information Control
- voluntary lifelong vows
Timeline
- 1540Society of Jesus founded by Ignatius
Evidence matrix
Structured sources cross-linked to the claims they document. Tiered per the source hierarchy. For free-text citations see the Sources section below.
Sources
- John W. O'Malley, 'The First Jesuits' (Harvard University Press, 1993) search ↗
- John W. O'Malley, 'The Jesuits: A History from Ignatius to the Present' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2014) search ↗
- 1. New worlds and old worlds — The Scientific Revolution (2011) — https://doi.org/10.1093%2Factrade%2F9780199567416.003.0002 open ↗
- Global Science and Comparative History: Jesuits, Science, and Philology in China and Europe, 1550–1850 — https://www.jstor.org/stable/43150703 open ↗
- Global Science and Comparative History: Jesuits, Science, and Philology in China and Europe, 1550-1850 — East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine (2007) — https://doi.org/10.1163%2F26669323-02601003 open ↗
- Wolfe, David (1528–1578/9), Jesuit — Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004) — https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F29832 open ↗
- Entry for David Wolfe SJ by Judy Barry — https://dib.cambridge.org/viewReadPage.do?articleId=a9107&searchClicked=clicked&quickadvsearch=yes open ↗
- 10.1093/ref:odnb/10946 — https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F10946 open ↗
- 10.1093/ref:odnb/69033 — https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F69033 open ↗
- The Western Margins of Amazonia from the Early Sixteenth to the Early Nineteenth Century — https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521630764.005 open ↗
- The Western Margins of Amazonia from the Early Sixteenth to the Early Nineteenth Century — The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas (1999) — https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCHOL9780521630764.005 open ↗
- Nostalgia del monte'. Indigenas del Oriente peruano segun un manuscripto del jesuita Juan Magnin (Borja 1743) — https://doi.org/10.5771%2F0257-9774-2008-2-507 open ↗
- Imagining Guarinis and Jesuits — https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/emagining-guaranis-and-jesuits/ open ↗
- Origins of the Rebellion of Paraguay — Hispanic American Historical Review (1972) — https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00182168-52.2.215 open ↗
- Missionaries and Commanders: The Jesuits in Mindanao, 1718–68 — Journal of Jesuit Studies (2022) — https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22141332-09020003 open ↗
- The Jesuits in the Philippines, 1581-1768 — https://www.jstor.org/stable/42633024 open ↗
- Silencing Genocide: The Jesuit Ministry in Colonial Cartagena de Indias and its Legacy — https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0021934718778718 open ↗
- Silencing Genocide: The Jesuit Ministry in Colonial Cartagena de Indias and its Legacy — Journal of Black Studies (2018) — https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0021934718778718 open ↗
- The Case Against Liberation Theology — https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/21/magazine/the-case-against-liberation-theology.html open ↗
- Religion: John Paul Takes On the Jesuits — https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,922654,00.html open ↗
- Pope Francis and the Dirty War — http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/pope-francis-and-the-dirty-war open ↗
- The Jesuit Community at JST – Jesuit School of Theology – Santa Clara University — https://www.scu.edu/jst/about/society-of-jesus/the-jesuit-community-at-jst/ open ↗
- The Statistics and a Tentative Analysis — https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/jesuit/article/download/3725/3302#.pdf open ↗
- The New Brand of Jesuit Universities — https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/12/the-new-brand-of-jesuit-universities/384103/ open ↗
- The Jesuits and Slavery — https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22141332-0801P001 open ↗
- From Expulsion to Restoration: The Jesuits in Crisis, 1759–1814 — https://www.jstor.org/stable/24347842 open ↗
- Pope, Condoms and AIDS — http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/georgetown/2009/03/pope_condoms_and_aids.html open ↗
- Hiatt Holocaust Collection — http://www.holycross.edu/departments/library/website/hiatt/righteous.htm open ↗
- The Jesuit Ratio Studiorum of 1599 — http://www.bc.edu/sites/libraries/ratio/ratio1599.pdf open ↗
- Virgo Becomes Virago': Women in the Accounts of Seventeenth-Century English Catholic Missionaries — https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-catholic-history/article/abs/virgo-becomes-virago-women-in-the-accounts-of-seventeenthcentury-english-catholic-missionaries/07AA3FFA140E63445AA358D86DEA99F3 open ↗
- ‘Virgo Becomes Virago’: Women in the Accounts of Seventeenth-Century English Catholic Missionaries — Recusant History (2011) — https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0034193200013170 open ↗
- The 'New' Jesuits: The Response to the Society of Jesus to Vatican II, 1962–2012: Some Alacrity, Some Resistance — https://epublications.marquette.edu/conversations/vol42/iss1/4 open ↗
- Review: Kaskaskia Illinois-to-French Dictionary — International Journal of Lexicography (2004) — https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fijl%2F17.3.325 open ↗
- St. Ignatius of Loyola and the Jews — https://ejournals.bc.edu/ojs/index.php/jesuit/article/viewFile/3714/3292 open ↗
- Letter of the Jesuit Social Justice Secretariat to the leaders of the G8, July 2005 — http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/rvp/pubaf/05/letter-G8.pdf open ↗
- Journal of Jesuit Studies. — https://www.bc.edu/content/bc-web/centers/iajs/digital-projects/journal-of-jesuit-studies.html open ↗
- Missionaries and Commanders: The Jesuits in Mindanao, 1718–68 — Journal of Jesuit Studies (2022) — https://dx.doi.org/10.1163%2F22141332-09020003 open ↗
- El Papa es el argentino Jorge Bergoglio — http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/03/12/actualidad/1363097315_964961.html open ↗
- The Prague Cemetery by Umberto Eco – review — https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/nov/04/prague-cemetery-umberto-eco-review open ↗
- Base de datos de EL PAÍS: todos los casos conocidos de abusos en la Iglesia española — https://elpais.com/sociedad/2023-06-26/base-de-datos-de-el-pais-todos-los-casos-conocidos-de-abusos-en-la-iglesia-espanola.html open ↗
- Los jesuitas y los obispos apartan a un sacerdote con un cargo “relevante” en la Conferencia Episcopal por pederastia — https://elpais.com/sociedad/2025-11-04/los-jesuitas-y-los-obispos-apartan-a-un-sacerdote-con-un-cargo-relevante-en-la-conferencia-episcopal-por-abusos.html open ↗
- Os Jesuítas em Portugal depois de Pombal. História ilustrada, por Francisco Malta Romeiras, Lucema — https://www.academia.edu/37593732/Os_Jesu%C3%ADtas_em_Portugal_depois_de_Pombal._Hist%C3%B3ria_ilustrada open ↗
- society-of-jesus — https://www.jstor.org/topic/society-of-jesus open ↗
- Claim of Right Act 1689 — http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aosp/1689/28/paragraph/p20 open ↗
- lire en ligne — http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/302999/Jesuit open ↗
- Grove Art Online — https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T044688 open ↗
- Der Jesuiten-Orden: Wer mit dem Teufel kämpft, muss die Seiten schnell wechseln können. — https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/die-wahl-des-papstes/der-jesuiten-orden-wer-mit-dem-teufel-kaempft-muss-die-seiten-schnell-wechseln-koennen-12115124.html open ↗
- Jesuiten, der größte katholische Männerorden der Welt. — https://www.welt.de/geschichte/article130902237/Als-der-Papst-seine-schlauen-Jungs-wieder-zuliess.html open ↗
- Vincent A. Lapomarda, S.J., S.T.L. — https://www.holycross.edu/academics/programs/history/vincent-lapomarda-sj-stl open ↗
- 10.3931/e-rara-24303 — https://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-24303 open ↗
- Sexueller Missbrauch: Jesuiten zahlen 166 Millionen Dollar Entschädigung. — https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/sexueller-missbrauch-jesuiten-zahlen-166-millionen-dollar-entschaedigung-a-753274.html open ↗
- Missbrauch: Jesuiten-Bericht bringt grausige Details ans Licht. — https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/gesellschaft/missbrauch-jesuiten-bericht-bringt-grausige-details-ans-licht-a-697115.html open ↗
- Entschädigung für Missbrauch: Opfer lehnen Jesuiten-Angebot ab. — https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/gesellschaft/entschaedigung-fuer-missbrauch-opfer-lehnen-jesuiten-angebot-ab-a-741963.html open ↗
- Review: Kaskaskia Illinois-to-French Dictionary — International Journal of Lexicography (2004) — https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fijl%2F17.3.325 open ↗
- Paraguay: A Country Study — http://memory.loc.gov/master/frd/frdcstdy/pa/paraguaycountrys00hanr_0/paraguaycountrys00hanr_0.pdf open ↗
We cite sources by name and outlet rather than fabricating links. Where a source includes its own URL, the open ↗ link opens it directly; otherwise search ↗runs a Google Scholar query for the cited title — useful for verifying academic sources. For news outlets, search the outlet's own archive.
Change history
Substantive edits logged per the score-updates policy.
- 2026-05-29Phase 1 Batch J: per-group recovery resources applied via programmatic palette (closest-fit by category + subCategory + score). Palette: Mainstream-comparator lighter.
- 2026-05-20Source-density flags derived from existing free-text sources[]: academic sources. Heuristic auto-flag; subsequent editorial pass will populate structuredSources[] with reliability tiers.
- 2026-05-20Score band scheme migrated from 4 bands to 5 (Minimal 0–5 / Low 6–12 / Moderate 13–20 / High 21–30 / Extreme 31–40). No CLCI value changed; the new Minimal band was carved out of the bottom of the previous Low band.
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Disclaimer. This profile is an educational summary based on publicly available reports. Many members of this group do not experience the patterns described. Individual congregations and chapters vary widely. If you or someone you know needs support, contact a licensed therapist or the International Cultic Studies Association.