Buddhist

Other Buddhist traditions (umbrella)

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Confidence: HighLast reviewed 29 May 2026Wikipedia

Umbrella for other mainstream Buddhist traditions beyond named entries (Korean Seon, Vietnamese Thien, Mongolian Buddhism, etc.).

CLCI radar

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Minimal documented control

BITE breakdown

Behavior Control1/10

Information Control1/10

Thought Control1/10

Emotional Control1/10

Modifiers (+0)

0 — umbrella for other mainstream Buddhist traditions beyond named entries.

Founded

Various

Members

Hundreds of millions broadly

Active in

Asia

In context

Various other mainstream Buddhist traditions globally — Korean Seon, Vietnamese Thien, Mongolian Buddhism, Bhutanese Drukpa Kagyu, Sri Lankan Forest tradition, etc. Mainstream voluntary low-control reference.

Recovery resources

ICSA (International Cultic Studies Association) — General referral and cult-aware therapist directory.
INFORM (Information Network on Religious Movements) — LSE-founded UK research-based information service covering new religious movements.
Freedom of Mind Resource Center — Steven Hassan's organisation; BITE-model resources and family-side exit guidance.

See the full curated list at /resources.

This profile is in progress — history, deeper BITE evidence and survivor voices are still being added. Contributions welcome via GitHub.

Timeline

Various
Continuous traditions

Evidence matrix

Structured sources cross-linked to the claims they document. Tiered per the source hierarchy. For free-text citations see the Sources section below.

Title	Type	Reliability	Year
文化庁宗教年鑑令和5年版	Government	Primary	—
The Role of Pattern Extrapolation in the Perception of Dynamic Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorder — Frontiers in Psychology (2018)	Academic	Secondary	—
The Methodological Implications of the Buddhist Model of Study, Reflection, and Cultivation — Religions (2022)	Academic	Secondary	—
Buddhist History · archive	Organisation	Tertiary	—
Buddhism – Historical development · archive	Organisation	Tertiary	—
Mahayana Buddhism	Organisation	Tertiary	—
Spread of Buddhism	Organisation	Tertiary	—
List of religious populations \| Largest Religions, Smallest Religions, Lists, Data, & Overview	Organisation	Tertiary	—
Vassa \| Rituals, Practices & Significance	Organisation	Tertiary	—
10.58094/fj71-ny11	Academic	Secondary	—
Buddhism and Western Philosophy	Academic	Secondary	—
Mindfulness in Western Contexts	Government	Primary	—
The Role of Pattern Extrapolation in the Perception of Dynamic Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorder — Frontiers in Psychology (2018)	Academic	Secondary	—
Buddhism and Modern Culture	Organisation	Tertiary	—

Sources

Various academic studies search ↗
文化庁宗教年鑑令和5年版 — https://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/hakusho_nenjihokokusho/shukyo_nenkan/pdf/r05nenkan.pdf#page=65 open ↗
The Role of Pattern Extrapolation in the Perception of Dynamic Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorder — Frontiers in Psychology (2018) — https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2018.01918 open ↗
The Methodological Implications of the Buddhist Model of Study, Reflection, and Cultivation — Religions (2022) — https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel13111029 open ↗
Buddhist History — https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism open ↗
Buddhism – Historical development — https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism/Historical-Development open ↗
Mahayana Buddhism — https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mahayana open ↗
Spread of Buddhism — https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism/Spread-of-Buddhism open ↗
List of religious populations | Largest Religions, Smallest Religions, Lists, Data, & Overview — https://www.britannica.com/topic/List-of-religious-populations open ↗
Vassa | Rituals, Practices & Significance — https://www.britannica.com/topic/vassa open ↗
10.58094/fj71-ny11 — https://dx.doi.org/10.58094%2Ffj71-ny11 open ↗
Buddhism and Western Philosophy — https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddhism-western-philosophy/ open ↗
Mindfulness in Western Contexts — https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6196264 open ↗
The Role of Pattern Extrapolation in the Perception of Dynamic Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorder — Frontiers in Psychology (2018) — https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2018.01918 open ↗
Buddhism and Modern Culture — https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism/Cultural-life open ↗

We cite sources by name and outlet rather than fabricating links. Where a source includes its own URL, the open ↗ link opens it directly; otherwise search ↗ runs a Google Scholar query for the cited title — useful for verifying academic sources. For news outlets, search the outlet's own archive.

Change history

Substantive edits logged per the score-updates policy.

2026-05-29Phase 1 Batch J: per-group recovery resources applied via programmatic palette (closest-fit by category + subCategory + score). Palette: Mainstream-comparator lighter.
2026-05-20Source-density flags derived from existing free-text sources[]: academic sources. Heuristic auto-flag; subsequent editorial pass will populate structuredSources[] with reliability tiers.
2026-05-20Score band scheme migrated from 4 bands to 5 (Minimal 0–5 / Low 6–12 / Moderate 13–20 / High 21–30 / Extreme 31–40). No CLCI value changed; the new Minimal band was carved out of the bottom of the previous Low band.

Relevant hubs

Curated entry points on CLCI Hub for situations connected to this group.

Found something wrong on this profile?

We accept correction requests from anyone — current and former members, researchers, journalists, family members, and the listed organisation. Submissions are reviewed by an editor; we do not auto-publish.

Submit a correction Submit a right-of-reply Open a GitHub issue

Disclaimer. This profile is an educational summary based on publicly available reports. Many members of this group do not experience the patterns described. Individual congregations and chapters vary widely. If you or someone you know needs support, contact a licensed therapist or the International Cultic Studies Association.