Educational tool only. All groups exist on a spectrum of control. Individual experiences vary. Based on publicly available reports, ex-member accounts, court records, and expert analyses — not medical or legal advice.

Global

372 group profiles operating in Global. All scores are BITE-derived from publicly available sources.

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ISIS / 'Islamic State' ideology (recruitment networks)

Salafist-jihadist ideology and recruitment network of the so-called 'Islamic State'. Documented patterns of extreme indoctrination, sexual slavery, mass execution, and total information control. Listed as a terrorist organisation by virtually all governments.

Children of God / The Family International

Founded by David 'Moses' Berg in 1968. From 1976 to 1987 practised 'Flirty Fishing' (using sex for evangelism and recruitment) and published 'Mo Letters' explicitly endorsing sexual contact between adults and children. Reorganised as 'The Family International' in 2004.

Salafi-jihadist movement (broader, post-ISIS)

Broader Salafi-jihadist ideological movement encompassing al-Qaeda, ISIS, Boko Haram, al-Shabaab, and successor cells. Designated terrorist by virtually every government; rejected by mainstream Sunni and Shia scholarship.

New Religious Movement

Church of Scientology

One of the most heavily documented high-control religious organisations in the modern era, with court records and ex-member testimony spanning five decades. Practices include Disconnection from family, billion-year Sea Org contracts, the 'Suppressive Person' designation, and the auditing-confessional system used as organisational leverage. Substantially more publicity in 2022–2026 driven by the Danny Masterson 2023 conviction, Leah Remini's August 2023 lawsuit against Scientology and David Miscavige, and Mike Rinder's *A Billion Years* memoir.

Shincheonji Church of Jesus

Korean apocalyptic Christian movement founded by Lee Man-hee (1984) claiming to be the promised pastor of Revelation. Notorious for deceptive 'gospel-fishing' recruitment via front churches and the 2020 COVID-19 super-spreading event in Daegu.

Shincheonji Church of Jesus / Lee Man-hee

South Korean apocalyptic Christian movement founded 1984 in Anyang by Lee Man-hee (born 1931). Approximately 300,000 baptised members and millions of associated 'Bible students' globally. Centred on Lee's claim to be the 'promised pastor' who uniquely interprets the Book of Revelation. Globally notorious after the February 2020 Daegu COVID-19 super-spreader event that produced South Korea's first major outbreak. Lee convicted 2020 of obstruction of disease-control investigations; acquitted of embezzlement charges on appeal 2021.

AROPL / Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (Abdullah Hashem Aba Al-Sadiq)

Small Mahdi-claimant Islamic-derived new religious movement founded ~2015 by Egyptian-American Abdullah Hashem Aba Al-Sadiq (b. 1983). Hashem teaches he is the awaited Mahdi (Islamic eschatological end-times figure), Christ returned, and 'Riser of the House of Muhammad'. Distinct from — and rejected by — the mainstream Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Multi-jurisdiction asylum-claim trail (Egypt → Turkey → UK → Switzerland → US Texas) and documented coercive-control patterns including group-marriage rituals, communal child-rearing, surrendered passports, and shunning of departing members.

Jehovah's Witnesses

Christian restorationist movement governed by the Watchtower Society's 'Governing Body'. Independently assessed as high-control by Steven Hassan and Kimmy O'Donnell, with documented practices around shunning, blood-transfusion refusal, and information restriction.

New Religious Movement

Love Has Won (Amy Carlson)

Online new-age movement led by Amy Carlson ('Mother God'), who claimed to be the reincarnation of multiple historical and pop-cultural figures. Carlson died in 2021; members continued to display her mummified body. Subject of HBO's 'Love Has Won: The Cult of Mother God' (2023).

7M Films / Shekinah Church (Robert Shinn)

Los Angeles-based Shekinah Church and its 7M Films talent management business, led by Robert Shinn. Subject of Netflix's 'Dancing for the Devil' (2024) documenting how TikTok dancers under 7M contracts were severed from family.

Order of Nine Angles (O9A)

Esoteric occult-political network associated with David Myatt. Texts explicitly endorse human sacrifice ('culling'), terrorism, and infiltration of mainstream institutions. Multiple O9A-associated members have been convicted of terrorism and violent crimes.

Manmin Central Church (Lee Jae-rock)

Seoul-based Korean Pentecostal sect founded in 1982 by Lee Jae-rock, who claimed to be sinless and capable of healing miracles. The Christian Council of Korea declared Manmin a heretical group in 1999. Lee was convicted in 2018 of raping eight female members and sentenced to 15 years.

TB Joshua — Synagogue, Church of All Nations (SCOAN)

Lagos-based Nigerian Pentecostal mega-ministry founded in 1987 by Temitope Balogun (TB) Joshua (1963–2021). Vast global televangelism reach via Emmanuel TV. The 2024 BBC 'Disciples: The Cult of TB Joshua' investigation documented decades of sexual and physical abuse of disciples; the 2014 SCOAN guesthouse collapse killed 116, mostly South African pilgrims.

World Mission Society Church of God (WMSCOG) / Heavenly Mother Zhang Gil-jah

South Korean apocalyptic Christian organisation founded 1964 by Ahn Sahng-hong (1918–1985). Identified Ahn as the 'Second Coming Christ' after his death. From 1985 led by Zhang Gil-jah (born 1943), identified as 'Heavenly Mother God'. Approximately 3 million claimed members across 175 countries. Multiple deceptive-recruitment lawsuits in the US and South Korea 2014–2024.

Twelve Tribes Communities / Messianic Communities / Yellow Deli (Gene Spriggs)

International communal Messianic Christian high-control group founded 1972 in Chattanooga, Tennessee by Elbert Eugene 'Gene' Spriggs (1937-2021) and Marsha Spriggs. Operates approximately 50 communities in 9 countries; estimated 2,500-3,000 members. Recognisable public face is the Yellow Deli / Common Sense Market cafe network. Documented forced child labour, corporal-punishment doctrine, multiple government raids (Vermont 1984 Island Pond raid, Bavaria 2013 Wörnitz / Klosterzimmern raids, France 2015), and the full set of severance, total residential control, and arranged marriage patterns.

New Religious Movement

MSIA / Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness (John-Roger Hinkins)

MSIA — Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness — is a 1971 Los Angeles-founded NRM derived from the Sant Mat / Eckankar tradition by John-Roger Hinkins (born Roger Delano Hinkins, 1934–2014), who claimed to be the embodied 'Mystical Traveler Consciousness' (a Sant-Mat eschatological figure). Affiliated front organisations include Insight Seminars (a personal-growth-training subsidiary) and Prana Theological Seminary. Documented sexual coercion of teenage and young-adult male staff (NYT 1988, LA Times 1994); Peter McWilliams memoir *Life 102* (2000) is the canonical insider account. John-Roger died in 2014; current leadership under designated successor John Morton.

Salvation Sect (Guwonpa) / Yoo Byung-eun (Sewol ferry context)

South Korean Evangelical Baptist Church / 'Salvation Sect' (Guwonpa) founded in 1962 by Kwon Shin-chan and Yoo Byung-eun. The Yoo family controlled a sprawling corporate-religious empire whose subsidiary Chonghaejin Marine operated the MV Sewol — the ferry that capsized 16 April 2014 killing 304 (250 of them schoolchildren on a class trip). Yoo Byung-eun was found dead in June 2014 while a fugitive; sons Yoo Dae-gyun and Yoo Hyuk-kee subsequently convicted on embezzlement charges.

Satmar Hasidic

Hungarian-origin Hasidic sect, the largest in the USA. Centred in Williamsburg (Brooklyn) and Kiryas Joel (NY). Strongly anti-Zionist, intensely insular, and operates extensive yeshiva network with documented secular-education failures (NYT 2022).

Plymouth Brethren Christian Church / Exclusive Brethren

Strict separatist branch of the Plymouth Brethren movement, currently led by Bruce D Hales from Sydney. The doctrine of 'separation' enforces severe shunning of those who leave or are excommunicated, including by family.

Eastern Lightning / Church of Almighty God (China)

Chinese new religious movement teaching that the female 'Almighty God' (a woman known publicly as Yang Xiangbin) is the second incarnation of Christ. The 2014 Zhaoyuan McDonald's beating-killing of a non-member by Eastern Lightning members drew international attention. Banned in mainland China since 1995; large overseas diaspora; refugee-status claims contested in multiple Western jurisdictions.

The Way International / Victor Paul Wierwille

Power for Abundant Living (PFAL) movement and biblical research organisation founded 1942 in New Knoxville, Ohio by Victor Paul Wierwille (1916–1985). Distinctive doctrines include rejection of Trinitarianism, charismatic speaking-in-tongues, and Wierwille as the 'man of God' uniquely commissioned to restore first-century Christianity. Documented Wierwille sexual abuse, mass 1989 'Fog' exit after leadership purge, and continuing operations under successor L Craig Martindale (until 2000 leadership-removal) and current leader Rosalie Rivenbark. ~10,000 active members.

Political / Ideological

Andrew Tate / Hustlers University / The Real World

Andrew Tate (born 1986) and brother Tristan Tate operate one of the most-documented modern manosphere parasocial-guru operations: Hustlers University (HU1, 2021 → HU2, 2022) and successor 'The Real World' platform. Founder under active Romanian DIICOT prosecution since December 2022 for rape, human trafficking, and forming an organised criminal group, indicted June 2023; separately, a UK extradition order for distinct alleged 2010s offences was granted by the Bucharest Court of Appeal in March 2024.

Sodalitium Christianae Vitae (SCV) / Sodalit Movement (Luis Fernando Figari)

Sodalitium Christianae Vitae (SCV) was a Catholic Society of Apostolic Life founded in Lima, Peru in 1971 by Luis Fernando Figari. It expanded across Peru, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, the United States, and Italy through the 1980s–2010s. The 2015 Pedro Salinas + Paola Ugaz book *Mitad Monjes, Mitad Soldados* ('Half Monks, Half Soldiers') surfaced decades of sexual, psychological, and physical abuse by Figari and senior leaders. Figari was suspended in 2017 and expelled in 2024. In **August 2024 Pope Francis suppressed (formally dissolved) the entire society** — an exceptionally rare canonical action. The current entry covers the SCV through its dissolution and the Sodalit Movement adjacent lay groups (Christian Life Movement, Marian Community of Reconciliation) that the same papal decree restructured.

New Religious Movement

Twin Flames Universe (Jeff and Shaleia Divine)

Online 'spiritual coaching' organisation run by Jeff and Shaleia Divine teaching that everyone has one 'twin flame' romantic partner. Documented patterns of pressuring members to pursue uninterested 'twins', gender-identity coercion, and total community life consumed by Divine couple's livestreams.

Political / Ideological

LaRouche Movement (Lyndon LaRouche organisations)

Political-ideological organisation that evolved from the late Lyndon LaRouche's Marxist origins through a series of name changes (US Labor Party, NCLC, LaRouche PAC). Documented decades of intense internal control, financial demands, and legal trouble. Founder died 2019; offshoots continue under his widow Helga Zepp-LaRouche (Schiller Institute).

Unification Church / Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (FFWPU) / Moonies

Korean-origin global new religious movement founded in 1954 in Seoul by Sun Myung Moon (1920–2012). Distinctive doctrines include Moon as 'True Father' completing Jesus's incomplete mission, mass arranged 'Blessing' weddings of strangers (4,000+ at first big event in 1982 at Madison Square Garden), and intensive 'Heavenly Tribute' financial extraction. Approximately 1–3 million members at peak (1980s); ~100,000–300,000 today. Daughter Hak Ja Han leads since Moon's 2012 death; son Hyung Jin 'Sean' Moon leads breakaway Rod of Iron Sanctuary Church. Massively scrutinised in Japan post-2022 after Abe assassin attributed motivation to family's UC financial ruin.

Philadelphia Church of God / Gerald Flurry

Edmond, Oklahoma-headquartered Armstrongite Sabbatarian Christian organisation founded 1989 by Gerald Flurry after his break from Worldwide Church of God (WCG) doctrinal reforms. Flurry identifies himself as 'That Prophet' of John 1:21 and the 'fourth horseman' of Revelation. Doctrines include strict Saturday-Sabbath observance, three-tithe system, ban on members consuming non-PCG media, and formal shunning of disfellowshipped members. Multiple 2010s-2020s child-abuse-cover-up civil suits. Approximately 6,000-7,000 members.

New Religious Movement

Kanye West / Donda Academy / YZY (Sunday Service / brand cult-of-personality)

Kanye West (b. 1977, legally renamed Ye 2021) operates a multi-component personal brand that includes Donda Academy (a Christian K-12 school founded 2022 in Simi Valley California, subject of multiple ex-staff and ex-parent lawsuits documenting coercive-control patterns), the YZY fashion brand (Yeezy footwear and apparel), and the Sunday Service performances (a touring worship-music-and-fashion event 2019–2022 that drew millions of attendees and viewers). The 2022–2025 period included substantial public anti-Semitic statements; Donda Academy is the primary BITE-relevant component because it has documented institutional structure with student-and-staff members.

Nithyananda 'Kailasa' micro-state project

Self-styled Hindu guru Swami Nithyananda (born A. Rajasekaran, 1977) fled India in November 2019 ahead of his arrest on multiple rape and child-confinement charges. From 2020 he has claimed to have founded the 'United States of Kailasa,' a sovereign Hindu nation purportedly located on an unnamed Caribbean island. Multiple documented fraudulent municipal engagements (Newark 2023; Paraguay 2023; UN ECOSOC sessions 2023) have produced reversals and embarrassed officials globally.

Sathya Sai Baba ashram residential schools (Puttaparthi)

Free residential schools and university operated by the Sathya Sai Central Trust at the Puttaparthi ashram (Andhra Pradesh, India). Decades of child-sexual-abuse allegations against Sathya Sai Baba (1926–2011) and the unresolved 1993 ashram shootings.

New Religious Movement

Love Has Won-derived 2025 splinter groups

Splinter groups continuing in modified form after Amy Carlson's April 2021 death. Multiple online communities continue to recruit using modified Carlson-derived teaching and QAnon-adjacent themes.

New Religious Movement

Rajneesh / Osho Movement

Movement of the late Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh / Osho (1931–1990). Famous for its Oregon Rajneeshpuram commune (1981–85), the 1984 Salmonella attack on The Dalles (largest US bioterror attack until 2001), and the 'free love' philosophy. Subject of the 2018 Netflix series 'Wild Wild Country'.

Two by Twos / 'The Truth' (no-name fellowship)

Long-secretive Christian movement (founded 1897 by William Irvine) with no formal name, no buildings, no public website, claiming to be the only true church. The 2023+ public revelations of widespread sexual abuse across multiple US states and other countries — several thousand reported victims — have triggered the largest reckoning in the movement's history.

Legion of Christ (Marcial Maciel)

Catholic religious congregation founded by Marcial Maciel (1941). The Vatican confirmed in 2010 that Maciel sexually abused dozens of seminarians and fathered children with multiple women; major institutional reform followed under Vatican delegate Cardinal Velasio De Paolis.

Restored Hope Network (US Christian conversion-therapy ministries)

Coalition of conservative US Christian conversion-therapy ministries that re-formed in 2012 after Exodus International dissolved and apologised. Continues 'sexual-orientation change' counselling in jurisdictions where it is still legal.

The Bible Speaks / Carl Stevens / Greater Grace World Outreach

Carl H. Stevens Jr. (1929–2008) founded The Bible Speaks (TBS) in Bath, Maine in 1972 and built it into a major high-control evangelical-charismatic organisation centred at the Lenox, Massachusetts compound by the mid-1980s. The 1987 Dovydenas v. Bible Speaks $6.5M federal civil judgement — at the time the largest cult-recovery civil judgement in US history — found that Stevens had exercised 'undue influence' over Elizabeth Dovydenas. The organisation rebranded as Greater Grace World Outreach (GGWO), relocated to Baltimore in 1989, and continues operating with affiliated churches and Bible colleges in 75+ countries.

Mooji / Anthony Paul Moo-Young

Anthony Paul Moo-Young (b. 1954, Port Antonio Jamaica) — known to disciples as Mooji — is a London-based neo-Advaita-Vedanta teacher who claims direct lineage from H.W.L. Poonja ('Papaji', 1910–1997), himself a disciple of Sri Ramana Maharshi. Built a global YouTube following from the 2010s and founded the Monte Sahaja Portugal compound in 2014. The 2018 Be Scofield investigation series documented severance from non-Mooji family, communal-property surrender, and substantial financial extraction. Multiple ex-member testimonies of psychological coercion of female disciples; Papaji-lineage peers (Gangaji, Eli Jaxon-Bear) have publicly distanced.

New Kadampa Tradition (NKT, Kelsang Gyatso)

Buddhist movement founded by Kelsang Gyatso (1991) breaking from the Tibetan Gelug tradition. Centred on Manjushri Centre in Cumbria, England. Notable for the Dorje Shugden controversy and documented patterns of member control and shunning of those who leave.

New Religious Movement

Unification Church (Moonies / Family Federation for World Peace)

Founded by Sun Myung Moon (1954, South Korea). Famous for mass marriage 'Blessing' ceremonies pairing thousands of couples. The 2022 assassination of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe by a son of a financially ruined Unification Church member triggered new scrutiny.

New Religious Movement

Fellowship of Friends (Robert Burton)

Fourth Way / Gurdjieff-derived organisation founded by Robert Burton (1970) headquartered at 'Apollo' in Oregon House, California. Long-running allegations of sexual abuse by Burton of male members, lavish art collection funded by member donations, and severance of family ties.

Political / Ideological

QAnon Movement

Decentralised online conspiracy movement originating from anonymous '8chan' posts (2017+) claiming a high-ranking US government insider ('Q') was revealing Deep State child-trafficking plot. Despite no central organisation, exhibits documented cult-like patterns of total information control, family severance, and apocalyptic timelines.

Wellness / Multi-Level

3HO / Yogi Bhajan / Kundalini Yoga lineage

Healthy, Happy, Holy Organisation (3HO) and the Kundalini Yoga lineage founded by Yogi Bhajan / Harbhajan Singh Khalsa (1969). Multiple post-2020 investigations (Olive Branch, Premka Pamela Saharah Dyson memoir) documented systematic sexual abuse by the founder and senior teachers.

New Religious Movement

Unification Church successor groups

Post-Sun-Myung-Moon (d. 2012) Unification successor groups, including the Hak Ja Han-led Family Federation and the Sean / Hyung Jin Moon-led Sanctuary Church. Inherit core control patterns of the parent organisation.

Boston Church of Christ (1979–2003 Crossroads/ICOC era)

Historical entry covering the 1979–2003 Boston Church of Christ era under Kip McKean — the period in which the church grew from a small Charlestown, Massachusetts congregation into the global flagship of the 'discipling movement' (later renamed International Churches of Christ, ICOC). McKean's 2003 ouster on charges of 'arrogance, family rule, and dictatorial leadership' triggered substantive ICOC reform; this entry scores the pre-reform era.

Two by Twos / The Truth / Cooneyites / Workers and Friends (William Irvine)

Secretive nameless international Christian sect founded 1897 in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland by Scottish evangelist William Irvine (1863-1947). Distinguished by itinerant 'Workers' (preacher-pairs in 'two by two' pattern of Luke 10) and 'Friends' (lay members), and the deliberate absence of any organisational name or public infrastructure. Approximately 100,000 members across 26 countries. The 2023+ Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse in the Two by Twos documented century-long systemic abuse cover-up; multiple criminal prosecutions of Workers 2023-2025.

Political / Ideological

Modern caliphate-restoration online recruitment networks

Umbrella for the post-2017 ecosystem of online caliphate-restoration recruitment networks that emerged after ISIS's territorial collapse. Includes ISIS-Khorasan (ISIS-K) digital recruitment, al-Qaeda-affiliated online cells, decentralised inspirational networks (Telegram-based 'Furqan' and 'Amaq News' successors), and the 2024+ generative-AI propaganda wave. Multiple national terrorist designations across UN, US, EU, UK, AU jurisdictions.

Genesis II Church / MMS (Miracle Mineral Solution)

Religious-front organisation marketing 'Miracle Mineral Solution' (chlorine dioxide bleach) as a cure for autism, cancer, COVID-19, and other diseases. Founder Mark Grenon and three sons found guilty in US federal court in July 2023; sentenced October 2023 (Mark and Joseph to 60 months, Jonathan and Jordan to 151 months).

Political / Ideological

The Base (accelerationist)

Neo-Nazi accelerationist organisation founded 2018 by Rinaldo Nazzaro. Designated terrorist organisation in UK, Canada, Australia. Multiple US members convicted of weapons and conspiracy charges.

Political / Ideological

QAnon 2024–2026 evolution (post-Q drops)

Cross-reference entry tracking QAnon's 2024–2026 evolution after Q drops largely ceased and the movement migrated to A-list 'anon' figures and Telegram channels.

Wellness / Multi-Level

Troubled Teen Industry high-control programmes

Umbrella for the documented high-control segment of the 'Troubled Teen Industry' (WWASP, Provo Canyon School, Élan, etc.). Documented patterns of forced confinement, physical abuse, and severance from family of origin.

Worldwide Church of God under Herbert W. Armstrong (historical)

Herbert W. Armstrong's Radio/Worldwide Church of God taught British-Israelism, strict sabbath and holy-day observance, triple tithing, and medical-care avoidance, enforced through disfellowshipping. After Armstrong's death (1986) the church repudiated his distinctive doctrines — a nearly unique institutional reformation — and continues as Grace Communion International; splinter churches perpetuate the old system and are treated separately.

Ultra-Orthodox Judaism (Haredi)

Refers to the strictest Haredi communities (excluding Modern Orthodox), with high gender segregation, internet/secular-media restrictions, and substantial social cost for those who leave.

International Churches of Christ (ICOC / 'Boston Movement')

Independent Christian movement formed by Kip McKean in the 1980s 'Boston Movement', practising mandatory one-on-one discipleship with assigned 'disciplers' who supervise daily life. Reformed under pressure in 2003 but core practices persist.

Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ)

Filipino Christian denomination founded by Felix Manalo (1914), now headquartered in Quezon City under Eduardo V Manalo. Notable for disciplined bloc-voting in Philippine elections and the 2015 'Lowell Menorca' family-internal abduction allegations.

Members Church of God International (Eli Soriano / 'Ang Dating Daan')

Filipino Christian movement founded by Eliseo 'Eli' Soriano (1947–2021). Soriano fled to Brazil in 2005 facing rape and child-abuse charges; the case was dismissed and later refiled, and he remained a wanted fugitive who never returned to face trial, dying in Brazil in 2021 with the case unresolved. Successor: Daniel Razon.

JW Kingdom Hall elders / judicial committee system

Internal Jehovah's Witnesses judicial-committee system: three-elder closed-door panels investigate alleged 'serious sin' and decide disfellowshipping (full shunning) outcomes. The 'two witness' rule effectively bars internal action on most child-sexual-abuse allegations; multiple government inquiries — most prominently the 2015 Australian Royal Commission Case Study 29 — have documented systemic harm. Distinct entry from the parent JW profile because the system warrants its own evidentiary record.

Sean Feucht / Burn 24-7 / Let Us Worship

Sean Feucht (b. 1983) is a Bethel Church Redding-derived worship leader who built a national cult-of-personality through Burn 24-7 (2003+, the original 'house of prayer' worship-tour ministry), the 2020 Let Us Worship arena tour (an explicit defiance of COVID-era public-health rules), and the ongoing Light a Candle global tour. The 2023 ProPublica investigation revealed undisclosed real-estate purchases by Feucht's family through the Burn 24-7 nonprofit. Attended January 6 2021 Capitol events; ran in the 2022 California gubernatorial primary; ongoing Christian-nationalist political organising via the Hold the Line PAC.

The Message of the Hour / William Branham / Voice of God Recordings

Post-WWII Pentecostal prophet movement founded around the ministry of William Marrion Branham (1909–1965), an American faith-healing evangelist. After Branham's December 1965 death in a road accident in Texas, followers organised around the Voice of God Recordings ministry in Jeffersonville, Indiana (now led by Branham's son Joseph), which distributes Branham's sermon recordings as scripture-equivalent. Doctrines include Branham as the end-times Elijah, the 'Serpent's Seed' doctrine, and a distinctive pre-tribulation rapture timeline. Approximately 500 congregations and 1-2 million followers globally.

Gülen Movement / Hizmet / Cemaat (Fethullah Gülen)

Turkish-origin Sunni Islamic civic-religious movement founded by Fethullah Gülen (1941-2024) from the 1970s onward. Operates approximately 1,000 schools, hospitals, and media outlets across 100+ countries. Designated terrorist organisation (FETÖ) by Turkey in 2016 following the failed coup attempt; subject to mass purge in Turkey 2016-2025. Documented coercive-control patterns include the 'Himmet' donation system, blackmail-file network, and total-organisation-loyalty above national or family obligation.

Rigpa (Sogyal Rinpoche, post-2017)

International Tibetan Buddhist organisation founded in 1979 by Sogyal Rinpoche (born Sonam Gyaltsen, 1947–2019). Sogyal's *The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying* (1992) sold over 3 million copies and made him one of the West's best-known Tibetan teachers. The August 2017 open letter from eight long-term senior students publicly alleged decades of sexual, physical, and psychological abuse; the Dalai Lama validated the complaints; the September 2018 Lewis Silkin LLP independent investigation report confirmed the pattern. Sogyal stepped down in August 2017 and died in August 2019; Rigpa continues under reformed governance with substantially reduced membership.

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